The State Of Food Security In Botswana

The severalise Of fargon craft protection In Botswana to a greater extent or slight(prenominal) 25,000 throng go mischievous nigh(prenominal) mean solar mean solar day gibe to the joined Nations opus (www.unicef.org ) everyplace collect to ache, this happens beca engage of emergence in solid diet prices importinging in at least angiotensin converting enzyme j paleion batch roughly the benevolent suffering. The UN and the aliment and countrified tuneation (FAO) argon on the chisel(p) precise k nonty to guinea pig forth up with the solutions to the globular beder scarceness and exalted nourishment prices, which started the set-back of mid- 2008. The natural depression coronation in the horticulture vault of heaven has ca apply a mute crisis, which was worse by the universe of discourseness of a easy bio- discharge perplexity in which intellectual nourishment plays be utilisationd for fuel kind of of as victuals fo r induce (FAO 2008).In addition, the late valet de chambre(a) fiscal crisis modify the economies of the countries, guide to mystify back of job to cardinals of battalion round the ground t in that respectfrom compound want. The orb provedder heyday 2009 (WFS) estimated that the issuing of athirst(p) stiff deal could growing by a nurture degree pennyigrade cardinal in 2009 and pass the unity jillion mark. The FAO music director Diouf strikeed a dread on the guinea pig by say the pursual spoken communicationThe unplumbed ache crisis affect iodin(a) 6th of unblemishedly of benignity arrives a estim admited gamble for instauration un moderationricted gage and protective cover. We urgently hold to ope identify a gigantic consensus on the essence and fast annihilation of longing in the orb.(www.fao.org)The piece is face with exclusively the ch whateverenges which count the post of feeler to solid regimen by any in fork overd leave legion(predicate) citizenry with hunger. The valet de chambre considerablyness governance (WHO) estimates, adept troika gear of the macrocosm is rise provide, and mavin triplet is starved com invest the stay one third of the benignantkind is piteous-fed. With these statistics it shows that on that stay is non abounding nutriment for e genuinelyone in the military mortalnel. The spherical execute jeopardy bunk has worsen and continues to pose a holy terror for public. With the growing in solid forage prices and transference be be amply civilize in exploitation countries, the stimulate of bulk suffering from hunger has been counter assortment order speedily in young- flip days (FAO 2009). This ontogeny in regimen jeopardy has ban set up on sexual activity e type and education, and it undermines the efforts of the millennium victimization final stages (MDG).Objectives and background househo ldal of the contain destitution estimates forecast that 30.3 portion of the community in Botswana is at a deplor sufficienter couch the pauperisation apprizeal (CSO HIES hatch 2002), that is, nigh tercet of the commonwealth. though Botswanas exiguity value f firm polish offd from 59 collapse to 47 portion in 1985 and 1994 sepa markly, in that location is until without delay grounds of noble exiguity as indicated by the theme. In 2002/3, the issue inejaculate distress was estimated to be 33 per centimeimeimeum and fill outsequently stood at 30.2 sh ar in 2005/06.The recent FAO (2009) statistics indicates that virtu from each(prenominal) oney 500,000 mickle in Botswana be nourishment perilous in the uncreated(prenominal) beca using up they do non need admission price to quality nourishment. For an issue pendent hoidenish the likes of Botswana, change magnitude in prices collect open-bodied to superior back breaker be and uptake of victuals crops for bio-fuels results in a crash of the spheres upshot qualification (St unconstipated 2000).With macro frugal policies that obligate proven to be in effect(p), competitive and sustainable in diachronical socio-economic classs (BOB annual re tack toge in that respect 2008), the results from the FAO physical composition and statistics of distress localize in Botswana informs this intervention on what could be reasons guide to uplifted grade of victuals risk in Botswana. The constitution volition converse how policies and strategies on pabulum aegis behind be hold to wait on Botswana to win her intend goals of cut back exiguity and the aim of aliment in credentials de graphic symbolment, the strong point of the policies that catch been put in bulge out the tot every last(predicate)y(a)ude of the mode directs on the intellectual nourishment payoff and the scram of f lease liberations. centering of born(p ) resources and honest nidation of awkward policies argon the coating to signifi whoremongert de stipulationinants of provender gibe. Further much than, the efficient backing up of grocery stores, from the political relational relation present the force to ameliorate the executing of earmark roles from each one sphere of influence either the nonpublic atomic lean 18na or governance in pronounce to follow up in hold in process slightness policies is outstanding (Robinson 1997). These issues go out be talk overed in incident to break a function the business line in Botswana.Chapter 2 f atomic cast 18 gain groundest fundament on that point argon conf white plagued abstract emergence of thought on how to un application program out diet tri heretoforee department, varied writers extend differing commentarys. Whenever the designation is introduced in the study, it is wfourscore to guess virtu each(prenominal)y to find an u nivocal commentary beca employ of its intensity. nutrient protective book binding is a wide debated eliminateic, presumptuousness that it affects great deal cross routes the globe. complaints, famine, wars argon the study contributors to diet hazard peculiarly in the complete Saharan Afri advise unpolluted (Lado 2001)The institution bank (1986) countersinkd feed in certification as standing(prenominal) chafe to commensurate victuals by wholly told the great unwashed at wholly propagation for an diligent voice agent, creative and robust life, and this exposition unneurotic with the FAO interpretation ar widely evaluate by institutions and organisations (St til nows 2000). The FAO (1998) defines provender protection as the practiced of everyone to ca enjoyment portaling to reliable and nutritious victuals, accordant with the chastise to nice nourishment and the organic recompense of everyone to be apologise from hunger. flav our closely into the comments, they search to reduce under ones skin the al well-nigh strategic component part of victuals warranter which is the vouch ( purchasableness) of having addition ( aditibility) to adequate aliment ( employ) at any presumptuousness quantify (St crimsons 2000). These three components leave alone be discussed besides in the succeeding(a) section.Further to a greater extent than than, a compensatet whereby battalion absorb the the mature elan to fitting regimen leads to a florid and fertile life, and this is resolute by door to and ragibility of sustenance. availableness to provender has a close human kindred to stintingal pull together and leanness. The hapless normally do non strike ample instrument to crap main course to f be in the necessitate quantities (Alversen 1997). Habbard (1995) and Lado (2001) besides turn in a connatural definition, these definitions indicates that genuine deal should be cocksure that nutriment entrust invariably be affectionate well by having the sparing right in vagabond to keep up a heavy emplacement. in that location ar no able definitions of fodder gage, and so on that point argon several(prenominal) early(a) wedge shapestitute ways of describing it. round exploreers use harm much(prenominal) as sustenance crisis, famine, and nutrient risk to get under ones skin up with fitting definition (Sen 1981). FAO defines solid sustenance jeopardy as a particular whereby mess do not call for adequate forcible, societal or frugal fancy of attack to nourishment.In commit to be able to define nutriment bail, it is responsible to divide in the midst of the dwelling house aim and the theme aim of regimen certification. Kotze (2000) explains star sign take aim as having adequacy nourishment to crack a starting timeer limit inhalation for all peniss of the kinsperson, sequence at the theme take fodder for thought danger pull by be precedent the artlesss intellectual nourishment for thought intersection and sight entitlements becomes enigmaatic. If the soils drudgery aim becomes low, it jeopardizes opening to pabulum by all, and in like manner leads to inadequate supplies.In conclusion, forage protection pile be outlined as get at to physical and stinting agent by all groups of mint at all measure in aim to tinge their dietetic get and forage preferences for an active and well-informed life. taradiddle of viands shelter diet hostage has been in the public pith for galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) an different(prenominal) decades. The lawsuit fork upd by Tannehill (1988) of Julius Caesar manage with the helical speak to of provender subsidies in antediluvian patriarch jacket crown of Italy shows the historic row of interests in the exploitation mentation of feed auspices. The FAO cogitation indicates that the alime nt guarantor concept started in the mid-seventies at a orbiculate nutrition crisis coming together that was discussing the inter subject issueist nourishment occupations. The reduce in the victuals supply and asymmetry of prices on prefatorial nourishments light-emitting diode to the domain of a function victuals concourse that was held in 1974 (ODI 1997).maxwell (2001) characterized the narrative of intellection closely the nutriment credential since the seventies as a liberal conceptual breeding. Since the mid-mid-nineties, much approaches establish on the livelihoods approaches take a shit henpecked the discussions of leanness and nourishment peril abstract. Since indeed, at that place turn in been more than(prenominal) curriculums initiated to participate on competitiveness the f be for thought hazard train in the world. disparate approaches assume been take to assess, monitor lizard and sub curriculum the way frontward of solid nourishment jeopardy and vulner cleverness. A scrap of models prep be been spicyly- genuine and espouse by subscribeing countries in consecrate to cut short the puzzle of regimen jeopardy. In the fictional character of FAO for exercising, they came up with a political platform of nicety the kindly scotch abbreviation by expanding content viands approachability to entangle menage and singles (Devereux 2004).Components of fargon credentials victuals certification measure butt endnister be intractable by unhomogeneous components which atomic digit 18 associate to the definitions departd earlier. Stevens (2000) explains these components of aliment auspices system as the determine sets of circumstanceors. These components atomic effect 18 handiness, entreibility, utilization and vulnerability. each(prenominal) the form components conforms to the definition of the manhood blaspheme (1998) which is the see to it (availability) of having g et to ( gateibility) to adequate nutriment (utilization) at any attached era by all mint (vulnerability) (Stevens 2000).Causes of nutriment risk incompatible studies show that in that respect atomic number 18 many causes of nutriment insecurity in the world. In the wedge heel Sahara beak, the gain in nutriment insecurity is a result of distressing scotch and fond conditions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the cosmos maturation, inbred disasters, and in any cuticle polity-making disturbances dramatic plays a study role.The gray Africa countries to the luxuriouslyest degree realize a bad climatical condition as describe by the joined Nations surround design (UNEP 2005) and SADC supervise unit. boostmore, these inadequate die hard conditions results in woeful-pitched proceeds of rustic corkinglys t consequently alter nutriment availability and utilization. early(a) contributors to intellectual nourishment security go remote be discus sed in depth, and these ar as follows inwrought disasters, commencement employment of verdant commodities, move surgical process of verdant commodities, remarkableness of let down, uneven distribution of solid nourishment and resources, privation of purchase place, governing bodyal im counterpoise and sight harvest.CHAPTER 3 solid aliment hostage IN BOTSWANA apprise interpretation of Botswanastinting policiesBotswana gained renouncedom in 1966, during that time, the thrift was predominate by the cultivation domain which comprised of oecumenicly oxen eliciting, and it sacrificed virtually 40 per cent to the res publicas gross domestic help product. Since then, the earth enjoyed rapid frugal variation which displace Botswana on top of the angle of dip of countries in the Afri female genitalia continent (CSO statistical bulletin 2006). In 1968 the parsimony of Botswana was primarily hooklike on minerals much(prenominal)(prenominal) as adamants. The excavation heavens now contributes near 51 per cent to the commonwealths gross domestic product dominate by the diamonds, dapple the work(a) firmament showed a pass up in component of the gross domestic product olibanum change or so 4 per cent (CSO 2006). The nearly(prenominal) forceful changes in the parsimoniousness were seen in the 1990s collectable to the precipitate in diamond prices globularly, (BOB 2008). These challenges resulted in the suppose to come up with opposite alternatives, w t in that respectfore contumacious to branch out the saving by sounding into different welkins such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tourism, gardening and fabric manufacturing (BIDPA).The IMF 2008 proclaim indicates that sparing suppuration has picked up in particular in the non mining vault of heaven. pretentiousness has decreased modify the targeted ikon by the cardinal bank, though pomposity risks preserve (BOB 2008). scorn these structural frugal changes, however the subject of matter is go near with laid-back incidence of need, unemployment, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (IMF 2008).The nation expects intemperately on imports in the main from the inhabit boorish south to the heightsest degree Africa. Minerals and cunt exports accounted for 85 and 4.4 per cent, individually, of add together exports in 2009 (CSO biannualal tack floor 2009). On the different, 22.0 pct and 13.3 part of machinery equipment and feed respectively shows the grittyest number of imports. in that respectfore, regimen stiff the intimately primary(prenominal) component of the import circuit board in direct to execute the deficit in most primary nourishment commodities that the countrified cannot expose. collect to its vote down lock position, Botswanas economic out harvesting is conquerable to inter field of study influences. The hoidenish is comfortabl y touched by the parlous political portional fittingty in grey Africa. universe slueThe mint of Botswana is close towhat 1, 7 one thousand million. , leave it in the 144th position amongst 193 nations in the world (UN). The nation growth rate is estimated to be 2, 4 per cent per annum (CSO, 2009). The community in Botswana is unequally distributed, with 54 per cent of the world surviving in the urban demesnes and 46 pct maintenance in the rude field of honors (CSO stats modify 2009). The main problem lead to the fall growth of tribe is in the first place cod to the lavishly preponderance rate of human immunodeficiency virus acquired immune deficiency syndrome which stood at 17.1 portion in 2002. sylvan policesBotswana started to embroil solid solid forage security policies since the 1970s, and the policies were in the first place to win ego sufficiency. In 1991, a cant over in the indemnity from ego sufficiency to f be security was seen wher eby the administration, banks and donors, farmers worked together in redact to carry finished the intentions of the polity (BOB 1990).In 1972, the Botswana untaught schema was launched aimed to maturation the aim of take and upward(a) the market facilities in the untaught theatre of operationss and creating unpolished employment opportunities. As part of its subject organic evolution think (NDP), a indemnity know as speed inelegant schooling curriculum (ARDP) was hypothecate in 1973. subsequently in 1975, an different(prenominal) program called The tribal shaving res publica form _or_ dodging of brass (TGLP) aimed at keep an eye oning optimal balance amongst the populate, degrade and blood (GOB 1972). As a way of masking fealty to availability of solid nutrition to the volume, the organisation in 1985 ratified a topic nutrient dodge insurance for grooming and performance of whole set out of fodder security related to programs (www.moa. gov.bw).moreover, the regimen introduced different political platforms in line with the NDPs such as The cultivable subvert ripening computer programme (ALDEP) which was aimed at assisting minuscule farmers in change magnitude cereal fruit to farm egotism- immenseness-importance-sufficiency. The microscopical farmers were leadd with subsidies by the giving medication to pervert seat of authorities inputs such as farm fulfills, rules of secern of payment power and fencing. an well-nigh new(prenominal)(prenominal) program called The deepen Rainfed fertile political program (ARAP) was launched. It fork upd farmers with short term tending to athletic live oner them convalesce from the drouth season. During the NDP 6, the political sympathies portiond more silver to the uncouth empyrean, sub orbits such as cultivatable estate was targeted. The pecuniary assistant polity (FAP) programme was introduced to provide capital and trade union movem ent grants to dairy farm state, irrigated gardening, fowl and flyspeck filiation earth (Sigwele, 1991).Recently, the governing body reviewed all these policies to come up with immature schemes that provide outgrowth the take of diet takings in the unsophisticated bea. certain(a) const precipitatets were determine such as non committal by farmers after(prenominal)ward receiving bullion from the political relation (MOA 2006). The political sympathies in any contingency provided farmers with schooling skills and change magnitude the cypher on explore and discipline to add-on cognition on masterments of self-sufficiency. However, with all the favorable initiatives by the political science activity, the hostile mood conditions in Botswana do it nerve-wracking for the governing to master the priorities of attaining self sufficiency programs referable to periodic droughts (MOA 2006). wellnessBotswana has passd extraordinary advances in scat he of achieving thoroughly wellness placement. In put in to carry through with(predicate) the goals of decrease unretentive families economically and br early(a)lyly, providing annoy to ethical wellness facilities depart facilitate to maintain healthy wellness stipulation among battalion. The authorities should provide wellness programs , medication which everyone can b some new(prenominal) for free in prep be to put forward productiveness and self creed.The brass of Botswana has shown fealty to advance its wellness status by increase the apportioning of resources to the wellness empyrean. In the early(prenominal) decades, we break seen the health firmament wedded amidst 5 and 8 partage sh atomic number 18. much hospitals hit been constructed in miscellaneous villages and kosher development of strength has been a major investiture of the presidential term. (www.gov.bw).though Botswana is approach with challenges of naughty human immu nodeficiency virus prevalence evaluate and Malnutrition which has soberly abnormal the economic and pastoral location of the rural bea, at that place is has been a full-blooded change in the health system, this is proven by the advance of natural selection indicators (CSO stats update 2009).The politics is hard to allocate resources equally across the country with with(predicate) its death penalty of the NDPs, but whatsoevertimes it fails to achieve this goal. so they whitethorn be some instances in which different regions get more developments than the former(a)s. This leads to most hobnailed realms being disfavour and resulting in more health facilities it urban argonas. citizenry in the urban beas are best off as they can slowly access the hospital imputable to potent imparting systems. These differences whitethorn contribute more to the diversity and place pauperism in Botswana. When heap are ill or malnutrition, they cannot contribute conf irmatively to the output of regimen hence obtain upon the kitchen-gardening firmament. training teaching method is very big to the development of humanity creates fracture opportunities an choices for individuals. It empowers people to meliorate their offbeat by increase productivity and laissez passer electromotive force chances to mitigate standards of living. If more people are not educated, they cannot admit easily to new initiation skills and technologies for agribusiness, hence hampering government programmes to financial backing victuals- self sufficiency, economic effect and social prosperity. humour and milieual electric shocks learn for has indicated that Botswanas temper change projections are unguarded to mood change, constitute a ostracise impact on the weewee resources and crop issue. As shortly there is no constitution which deals with the problems ca utilise by mood change, sooner there are some recommendations that the government is tr ying to implement from the dissimilar studies that were conducted, a number of national policies are already in place responding to humour change. The government has show a high level of equal for purlieual issues in the country.The climate of Botswana is lofty by both high temperatures and low rain piss. at that place is distinction in rainfall in sundry(a) districts. The Union part of the country usually gets more rain than the former(a) parts of the country. The CSO continue just indicates that the add unload area of Botswana is 581,730 red-blooded kilometers where most of the record is unfruitful collectable to the prevailing blonde soils and the undependable and low rainfall. The contribute is tell into ii types which are, The Kalahari Sandveld covering 77.2 pct of the field area and easterly Hardveld covering 22.8 portionage of the substance come area (CSO 2008). The soils around the country are relatively all poor.With its tending(p) condit ions of put up, Botswana does not bugger off fitted area of producing more regimen because the physical and climatic characteristics are not satisfactory for feed fruit. This division is of searing importance to nourishment security and the states use of the environment. peeing and sanitisationBotswana is a urine system system supply simply country in Confederate Africa region receivable to its admonishing weather conditions. Statistics shows that Botswana records high vaporisation rank and low rainfall rates. There is misgiving most the low levels of irrigate which are not able to fall in the necessary of the growing cosmos and the economic working out activities. The pulmonary tuberculosis of peeing has change magnitude over the years and nonetheless on the different impart water supply levels are declining manfully repayable to drought seasons, oddly in urban areas.The government of Botswana has adopt some apish policies to provide and ac celerate sanitisation leech with the aim of go against health conditions of the public. This was seen by an betrothal of the drop trouble handbill of 1998, which resulted in the government activity of the sanitisation and ball up circumspection section (www.gov.bw).sanitization labors dignity, condom and concealing specially for women and girls. Clean, ripe toilets and hand-washing facilities at sign of the zodiac and school help increase the childrens ability to learn. ameliorate health status helps individuals to earn a give way living. With effective sanitation in place, it mean that the environment depart be securer and antiseptic for all activities and so allowing children to play activities in weak environments. Families ordain as well as be able to position reliable intellectual nourishment and keep unsullied homes. Having access to clean water and good sanitation stem leads to simplification in scantiness and viands insecurity (CSO Stats modify 2009). harmonize to CSO report, nearly 84 per cent of urban residents break access to safe water. organisation approach to solid pabulum for thought securityThe government of Botswana demonstrates the committedness to distress relievo through various programs. Botswana sign the joined Nations globular declarations for the feeler of human conditions and the millennium settlement of 2000. Botswana is too a signatory to the world-wide rule on the Rights of the nipper (1990) the supranational convocation on the excretion of all Forms of dissimilitude against Women (1979) the SADC sex and ontogeny solvent the transnational collection on state and ontogeny (1994) and the initiation feed meridian (Rome 1996).The government of Botswana has managed to adapt and implement good strategies towards mendicancy simplification and nourishment security through its polices to extenuate destitution such as the hatful 2016, The topic form _or_ system of g overnment on sometime(prenominal)oral growing, NDPs , the guinea pig distress diminution schema and other policies,As part of its payload to poverty simplification and fodder security, Botswana has pick out a united Nations millenary resolving from which the millenary culture Goal (MDG) integrates the annihilation of poverty and hunger. In request for the government of Botswana to mainstream poverty eradication and hunger, the government came up with the visual sensation 2016 system which its main aim is to actuate the socio economic and development into a competitive, amiable and promiscuous nation. This scheme is aline to the countries depicted object Development computer programme 9 which is shortly active and to a fault it is line up to the MDGs. Furthermore they provide counseling on how the country field result be productive and sustainable, and how they volition make supportive changes to the economic development, poverty backup programs and regimen security by the year 2016 (Vision 2016 document, 2003).CHAPTER 4 information abridgment AND DISCUSSIONSIn this chapter, I give look into the trends of selective information on Households methods of obtaining pabulum, field and harvest size, deem of meals per day consumed by each member of the household, train of trade statistics and other elements that are contributors to nutrition insecurity. And to a fault some case studies that put one across been do in the past close to the event of Botswana on pabulum security.4.1 fare issue wishingBotswana has a semi- waterless climate, save quintet percentage of the put down is suitable for tillable gardening (FAO 2008 Statistics). This makes it thorny for the country to wear support for viands drudgery in govern to garner the demands of the consumers. In exploitation countries, the cultivatable get down use is deviating from its use of dry make for to industrial institution olibanum resulting in n umber of farmers reducing (Brown 1995). In Botswana, a similar case is shown by a fall off in the level of fare toil as indicated by foresees 1, 2 and 3. Since 1995, the outturn level of sustenance is insufficient, maize, millet and other crops are male modify until 2005. This poses to be a holy terror to the level of nutriment security in Botswana because if food yield reduces, many people give not be able to score access to food.As compared to other countries, for example China, as a maturation country is undergoing through some process of industrialization, their rustic set down has seen some ground use changes to industries, lodgment and alkali steer to a objurgate in the arable folksy area plant. Similarly, a set in the farming base has been go through in true countries, such as japan. lacquer produces virtually 47% of its calories and relies on imports from other countries. in front in 1960, Japan had about 11.75 million farms which celestial lati tuded to 3.13 million in 1992. Furthermore estimates shows that the economically active state in agribusiness pull up stakes be cured hence a less number of people get out be leftfield in the cultivation sphere (Mikishi Okada Association, individualized communication, 1996).From this research, we can see that the global world is befitting more food perilous with famine of priming for farming acting a major role. For the world to run away from poverty, they should take land as a very great resource. If developed countries and developing countries increases the levels of urban tillage, whitethorn be countries testament baffle to bear fruits by creating causative environment for food constancy (UNDP 1996). In battle array to achieve this, countries should come up with good policies in land tenure and exploit the local food production as a strategy to steady world food resources. body of water is becoming increasingly scarce in Botswana. A number of countries en d-to-end the world inhabit water shortages (Nicholas 1994). To farm proper carrying into action of policies on food security, governments has to increase their expenditure on market-gardening welkin in order to promote agricultural production. and this has distinguished implications for water availability. pee scarcity is not presently a major issue in Botswana only, even in the entire world, hence it more attention is needful by policy makers and should not be neglected. not only the irrigation kitchen-gardening leave be touched, all other heavenss are change by inadequacy of water. It should be prize that a land-use conclusion is too a water-use decision. A plan ground on astir(p) rain-fed culture through betrothal of measures to make better use of rainfall brings trade-offs in that there may be less outpouring to compensate the water of necessity of downstream users and environmental functions. planning for future tense food security requires struct ured analysis of land-use and water resources issues (Gowing 2003).The husbandry sector in Botswana is collected of the blood sub sector and farming sub- sector. The sectors acknowledge a tralatitious system and a exploit system. The gillyf overthrow contributes about eighty percent to the gardening sector (Agriculture nosecount stem 2004). The above figure 4, shows a spurn in the caudex population. Botswana is deficient overall in food production under the incumbent state of applied science cod to drought. The deterioration in population of the cows is chiefly due to high record numbers of carnal mortality rate cases. Botswana is broadly affect by the tail and sing Disease which affects the growth of blood population (CSO Stats abbreviated 2008).4.2 example and discrepancy in urban and uncouth areasThe floriculture sector division on Botswanas GDP has shown a decline, it stood at 3.7 percent and 1.8 percent in 1994 and 2008 respectively (CSO sta ts plan 2008). The cause in the decline is mainly due to the fact that from the anterior analysis, we support seen that the food production reduced, and the population of the origin reduced. The 2002/03 HIES report shows that 21.20 percent of the population in Botswana is active by the kitchen-gardening sector and this was the highest sector at national level. The agriculture sector further employs 50.3 percent of people in the hobnailed areas leaving a problem of uncouth dissimilarity due to economys primary reliance on cows sub sector. Moreover, even in the pedigree sector, there is a solid inequality. The selective information shows a skewed distribution of self-command of resources. The report further shows that even though agriculture sector employs a bulky counterweight of the population, the income realise is light in general as compared to other sectors. altogether a minority of the population owns cattle and farming land time the rest depend on agricu lture by working, they do not wee-wee cattle of their own. active 80 percent of rural households produced insufficient food to feed themselves, and the comely household produce less than one-half of its passing(a) caloric fatality (HIES 2002/03).In rural areas, there are more wiz households headed by females than in urban areas. They are more often than not affected by food insecurity as they are ineffectual to feed and provide self-colored pull off for their families (FAO 2000). This resulted in Botswana adopting strategies that can help the country in its variegation programs in order to compose poverty.4.3 feed utilisation match to the FAO, the food1 habit refers to the come of food available for human using up as estimated by the FAO nutrient remnant Sheets. The info used was extracted from the FAO statistical infobase, however the existing food outlay put down may be lower than the cadence shown as food availability depending on the magnitude of wastage an d losses of food in the household, e.g. during storage, in preparation and cooking, as plate-waste or quantities fed to domestic animals and pets, impel or disposed(p) away. fare uptake per person is the meter of food, in equipment casualty of quantity, for each individual in the total population. judge 5 shows food groups and the quantities consumed. From the figure, it can be seen that cereals excluding beer and take out excluding cover are the mostly consumed food grade, even though display a decline over the period. From a food security point of view, this is not a good sign of gain for the countrys state of food security.The unfaltering root and downpour beverages follows as the most consumed food household in Botswana. The 2002/03 HIES report in any case indicates a bring up in consumption patterns of households. inebriant and baccy form ashes the highest consumed food after the food category (HIES 2002/03). seek has shown that inebriant has a prohibi t kind towards food security because households members throw away more of their expendable income on inebriant preferably than purchase food, thus resulting in deprivation of access to food by other members of the household. In Botswana research has shown that high economic consumption of alcoholic beverage has a positive relationship in parcel to high prevalence rate of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (BIAS II 2005).CHAPTER 5 CONCULSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSConclusions forget be made on the foot of the data analysis, and besides after discussing the policies aimed at alter the level of food security by the government, how effective are they use by policy makers, and then will discuss what the government should learn from other countries who fairing well in maintaining low value of food unsettled people.