Ideal education Essay

Education for children is something that can change their life. There should be a desire to better the educational system and to always be ready to improve it. There are many ideas as to what constitutes an ideal education. A number of factors come together to make an ideal education. Students, parents and teachers are the three key elements in a model education. A good relationship among these three parts is essential to a good education. Students are the main members of this ideal system. They must have faith in their education. If they identify their goals they will become more active and motivated. The role of the teachers and parents is to help students finding their goals by showing the abilities and talents they have. The role of students is that in one side inform their parents about their studying, feelings and teachers and one the other side consult teachers about the lessons, exams, method of teaching or any other problem. Students should be appreciative of their teacher’s efforts and show thankfulness to their parents. They should do their best. They must be prepared for class. They cannot expect good grades in courses without studying several hours for each hour of class timetable. If they do not understand the material should ask the teacher questions. They should attend all classes or meetings of their courses. If they would be absent should not expect the teacher to teach the lesson again. Parents are an important element in the perfect education. Parents who are not involved in their children’s education only inhibit the efforts made by children and teachers in creating a good education. They are not informed about the student’s progress and don’t have any idea of the student’s weakness. To achieve the level of educational system, parents have to take an active part in it. Parents with active role assist the children with their nightly homework and studies. They may award students in order to encourage them. It is good if they have correspondence with teachers or attend the school occasionally but it is much better to discuss their children’s feeling about education. They can help them to make good decisions, to achieve high levels of education and support them to meet their goals. Devoted teachers are extremely important in a perfect education. The teacher is just about the most important of the three elements to create an ideal education. Teachers have the very important responsibility of shaping the lives of young, impressionable students. A positive or negative influence from a teacher can have a great effect on the life of a student. A good teacher can be defined as someone who always pushes students to do their best while at the same time trying to make learning interesting with creativity. Teachers also have the responsibility of forming good relationships with both students and parents. A good relationship between teacher and student come from mutual respect, trust, and honesty. The teacher should associate with the student to become aware of any special need that students may have and help them in any possible way. Beside that he can correspond or design some meeting with parents in order to inform them about the students’ problem, ensure them about their children’s education and answer their questions to avoid any misconception. It is very difficult to find out what is really an ideal education. Several factors are involved in this system. Students must have faith in their education and they should try hard to meet their goals. Parents have to be concerned with the education of their children in order to advise and support them. Teachers must be completely devoted to their students’ education. They should use interesting methods and try to have positive influence on the students. A perfect relation between these three groups is required. Every body should find his role and try to do his best to create this perfect system. Having an ideal educational system is the basic principle for improvement of every society.

Theodore Roethke’s poem, “My Papa’s Waltz”

The relationship which is depicted in Theodore Roethke's poem, â€Å"My Papa's Waltz† is that of a father and son. The poem is â€Å"spoken† by a the son who reminisces about the way his drunken father used to dance with him before bed-time while his mother watched nervously. The opening lines of the poem emphasize the father's drinking and the fear which accompanied the dancing for the boy: â€Å"The whiskey on your breath/ Could make a small boy dizzy;/ But I hung on like death:/ Such waltzing was not easy† (Roethke). The words â€Å"dizzy† and â€Å"death† seem to evoke a sinister sense, one which extends into the following stanza: â€Å"We romped until the pans/ Slid from the kitchen shelf; / My mother's countenance/ Could not unfrown itself. † (Roethke). The poem moves very quickly from a sense of nostalgia and familial memory, to an urgent sense of violence and sadness. The reader begins to understand that the words â€Å"waltz† and â€Å"romp† are euphemistic and that any dance which knocks pans off the shelf and makes the mother frown must be — not ordinary dancing. In fact, â€Å"dancing† may itself be a euphemism for child-abuse. The next lines make this violent connotation even more clear: â€Å"The hand that held my wrist/Was battered on one knuckle;/At every step you missed/My right ear scraped a buckle. † (Roethke). At this point the poem begins to reveal its obvious duality: at one level it is a poem about the intimacy of fathers and sons, but at another, perhaps, deeper level, it is a poem about child abuse and about the violence which often exists between fathers and sons. The concluding lines: â€Å"You beat time on my head/With a palm caked hard by dirt,/Then waltzed me off to bed/Still clinging to your shirt. (Roethke) fail to produce any sort of closure regarding the tension of violence between the father and son, nor does the poem seem to shed any sense of forgiveness or understanding on behalf of the narrator who speaks the poem much later in life after time has made him, also, a man. The tone of the poem suggest that euphemism replaces true understanding in bad relationships, in abusive relationships. The poem shows no sense of healing or gained wisdom from abuse, but merely the power to endure by the virtue of memory's capacity to transform the horrible into a ritualistic symbol of the original fear that incited it.

Mubadala Development Company (MDC) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Mubadala Development Company (MDC) - Essay Example This is followed by a critical analysis of its organisational culture in relation to its stated mission and vision and the way it is implemented in its operations so as to ensure optimal performance of the organisation. Recommendations will also be given at the end so as to suggest the best possible ways that can be implemented to ensure that there is compliance between the organisational culture and its stated goals. Basically, the report seeks to explore the extent to which the concept of organisational culture affects the overall performance of the whole organisation MDC is a company owned by the government of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. MDC is a catalyst for investment by the government of Abu Dhabi and according to its website, it has so far invested in areas including aerospace, health automotive, telecommunication, building of ships and energy among others. It is a catalyst of economic diversification in Abu Dhabi and the company’s strategy is based on the ma nagement of long term, capital intensive investments that deliver strong financial returns and tangible social benefits for the Emirates. MDC was established in October 2002 as a Public Joint Stock Company in Abu Dhabi through a decree issued by His Highness Sheikh Mohamed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi. The Government of Abu Dhabi is its sole shareholder. As a Public Joint Stock Company, Mubadala functions much like an incorporated entity in the United States or a â€Å"plc† in the United Kingdom.

Research Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research Methodology - Essay Example be their findings of the differences of the structure of affirmative action policies of the United States in comparison to those being implemented in India in terms of basis, approaches, government, legal impetus and coverage. The study provides interesting insights into the differences in employee’s perceptions of AAPs in India and the United States. These differences highlight both the positive and negative attitudes that people have about AAPs in the two countries. Employers should be aware of this issue and justify employment decisions based on the competencies of the selected candidates and stress that merit is not compromised. Further, the content and structure of diversity training and education programs cannot be superimposed without consideration of country and cultural differences. The authors of the research came up with the title â€Å"The tale of two cultures: Attitudes towards affirmative action in the United States and India†. The title is informative and it indicates the focus of the study. It allows the reader to easily interpret the content of the study. The following are the noted characteristics of the title of the research. The title is the subject matter of the study. The locale of the study, the population involved, and the period when the data were gathered were all omitted on the title but were indicated on the description of participants on page 164 bullets 2.3 of the research. It was broad enough to include all aspects of the subject matter studied or to be studied. Hence, the title indicated what the readers should expect to find inside the thesis report. The title was brief and concise as possible.The authors avoided using the terms â€Å"An Analysis of,† â€Å"A Study of,† â€Å"An Investigation of,† and the like. This is important since all these things are understood to have been done or to be done when a research is conducted. The abstract is found on the first page of the research. It has the findings which provide the summary of

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion - Assignment Example hat has been ignored by most of the top managers of organization as the central focus has always been the development of intelligent quotient (IQ) (Murphy, 2006). The development of the emotional intelligence has been proposed to be a group affair in which groups and teams are formed such that they develop the urge as a unit in achieving a common objectives and goals as agreed. In such a situation a credit given due to success is no directed to an individual but to the entire group that participated in the process (Murphy, 2006). The two researchers further proposes that the need to institutionalize emotional intelligence is paramount in enabling very member to feel a sense of belonging and to even develop the enthusiasm in the work place. In conclusion, their approach to management of workers in a work place is counter productive, the individuals will be clumped together as groups with specialized duties and within the groups are the teams which consist of people of specialized duties. They make it crystal clear that in their model the teams constitute part of the groups while the groups are not part of the team. There model also enhances specialization and division of labor which is a prerequisite to higher production per

Crime Mapping & Analysis Spatial Theories of Crime Assignment

Crime Mapping & Analysis Spatial Theories of Crime - Assignment Example Developed countries have come up with mapping software’s that help in analyzing crime. The technology of crime mapping has proved effective in determining the quantity of resources to be allocated to patrol officers in certain areas. Crime mapping is guided by various theories of crime, which help the crime officers understand the human mind, and how the environment surrounding a criminal influences them to commit a certain crime. The spatial theories help crime analysts to analyze crime, and they support GSI. This theory focuses more on the social control of crime based on the relationships with other people. According to the theory, and offender is motivated by being in the same place with the target. This theory argues that an offender will only commit a certain crime in the absence of an effective control. Crime, therefore, occurs when the offender and the target are in the same place and in the absence of a control or presence of a powerless crime control. A crime offender is influenced by people around him/her who could either be their parents, peers, relatives or intimate partners. Such people are referred to as handlers and in their absence, or if they are weak, the offender can commit a crime. According to the theory, guardians also control crime. Guardians could be police officers, security guards or neighbors. A potential offender is likely to commit a crime is the guardians of the target are absent or if they are weak. According to this theory, criminal motivation is controlled by social structures that can either create and environment for crime occurrence or create an environment where crime occurrence is low. The theory assumes that related people or people living in the same areas are social and ready to help one another. The theory is not very effective in GSI since the modern society, socialness levels have fallen, and hence, the people around a target may not prevent crime

Modify the last one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modify the last one - Essay Example 2.2 Basis of the Research The present research will be focused on an individual company ( J T Inglis & Sons) although it is necessary to make an industry analysis prior to arriving at any conclusion. The analysis will be that for the garments industry which has a widespread presence in almost every nation around the world. It will be that in context of the Indian market although the market in other Asian transition economies, characterized by similar traits will be assessed as well. The idea will be to examine the extent to which the garments industry in India is open for Western entrants. After an assessment of the behavioral nature of the garments industry in India, the next step will be to evaluate the possibilities of J T Inglis & Sons successfully launching its stores in the country. 2.3 Recent Developments The present case will be that in the context of Indian garments industry and the peer industry in other transition economies of Asia such as China, Taiwan, etc., where J T In glis & Sons has found a robust spot. ... is also evident from the fact that it contributes almost 14% to the aggregate industrial production yielded by the country apart from the fact that it accounts for 30% of total exports of the economy. The export statistic of the economy is found to be growing quite highly as is prominent from the fact that it increased annually by almost 22% between 2004-05 and 2005-06. In the global context, textile exports from India out of aggregate exports in the segment are found to be lying between 3% and 4% according to 2005-06 statistics. Of all foreign markets which highly demand Indian textile garments are Europe and USA where Indian apparel accounts for respectively 43% and 33% of the total apparels being sold. In addition, a large part of South East Asia also accounts for huge export demand for Indian apparels (India Exports and Business Trade Zone, n.d.). Thus, there is high demand for Indian garments and apparels all across the world. But most of these apparels are highly oriental in fa shion and the high demand accounts mainly for the huge Indian population which resides in these regions, although this might not be considered the case for men’s wear. Women’s wears being exported are in line with Indian trends which are mostly what the nation produces. On the other hand, the nation poses high demand for Western wear as well, in an era of increased globalization where the young generation is highly influenced by the trends prevailing in the West. These trends might not be possible for the indigenous manufacturers to master, which is exactly what creates the room for the entry of Western textile houses. 2.4 Issue to be solved In order to figure out the issues and problems to be addressed in this paper in line with the aforementioned topic, the following points could be

Potlatch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Potlatch - Essay Example Mauss sees this gift exchange as a system of total services that combines both sacrifice and revenge and this cycle continues, until it exhausts itself into destruction. Thus for Mauss, the potlatch is driven more by the spirit of destruction rather than generosity. Therefore, he is more interested in exploring a totally different aspect of gift giving that is outside the dominant moral code of the capitalist and consumerist society of the West. The Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian have been studied for this aspect of religious exchange or sacrifice that resembles the phenomenon of potlatch. The potlatch, which is a gift, therefore becomes a symbol of sacrifice and demands an equal sacrifice, whose debt is not automatically cancelled always but may produce forth a fresh demand for exchange of gift and so forth. Thus Mauss says that by exchanging gifts that are symbols of power and status a kind of peaceful equilibrium is maintained and it is dangerous to not involve oneself in this sacrifice if gifts. "The Indian tribes of the North-West America, again, practice the "potlatch" system, consisting in two tribes or chiefs engaging in a competition of prodigality; whoever is the richer gives the most and destroys his possessions if necessary. All this, however, in order that he himself may prosper, since in this manner he shows that he has power"2 However, in Arguing with Anthropology, Karen Margaret Skyes argues that the economies of sacrifice seem to be a misnomer for the depth and crux of the issues that potlatch raises perhaps because Potlatch shakes the common sense of the capitalist ideology, which expresses the angst it expresses by the sheer generosity it shows through the exchange of warring gifts by displaying how much one can give to the other. It therefore stands for the total system of social status without which the ethnographic groups have no identity! Therefore, to gather social respect they agree to endanger their well being. Potlatch probably conjures up the fantasy of modern power, which combines luxurious self-destruction - an obsessive and slow yet megalomaniac suicide of a society on the whole and shatters the myth of progression towards the capitalist future. Or is it somewhat similar to where we as westerners are headed It is an ironical similarity - potlatch, self-destruction and capitalist consumerist philosophy converge at a point - buy at any cost and death by excess. Potlatch has been variously criticized as giving beyond reason - but is the capitalist economy reasonable Does presenting an island to a friend any less extravagant or any less unreasonable than a potlatch One can argue that it does not dangerously bind the recipient into any form of obligation to give back a gift of equal proportion. Yes, it may not - but in a capitalist society excess of ceremony is also a political game that fascinates and horrifies at the same time - it is an excessive display of power or a counterpower to som ething that already exists. Thus, festivities are always a symbol of subversion of power, and it is a separate display of power that already exists or which is seeking to overthrow the existing power and seek prominence. Let us also consider the exchange of gift that happens in the Indian society, which is also called dowry, is another

Reactions of Xanthine Oxidase and Aromatase Inhibitor Research Paper

Reactions of Xanthine Oxidase and Aromatase Inhibitor - Research Paper Example According to the findings, it can, therefore, be said that breast cancer, as well as ovarian cancer, is a large problem of medicine and both are life treating, especially for women. These cancers are of particular importance because they are promoted by estrogen. In 2000, approximately 130,000 women died of breast cancer; nearly two-thirds of these women were postmenopausal. In pre-menopausal women estrogen is produced in the ovaries, so reducing estrogen from other sources is not important, but in postmenopausal women, most of the estrogen in the body is produced in the adrenal gland from the conversion of androgens and also from adipose tissue through a special enzyme called aromatase. The large influence of the estrogen produced outside the ovaries by aromatization is clear. In postmenopausal women, their estrogen comes from the actions of aromatase-final step in the pathway of estrogen biosynthesis by creating an aromatic ring in the steroid molecule, and so its inhibitor may be used to treat estrogen tumors, and so, effective treatment in breast cancer is an aromatase inhibitor. Also, it is used in women when their ovaries are no longer producing estrogen. It is not the same in premenopausal women or the opposite effects appear, the main estrogen comes up from ovaries, not by conversion androgen to estrogen, so blocking aromatization effects does not increase the androgen production. According to clinical researches, a correlation has been establishing between estrogen receptors and the growth of breast cancer and so effective therapy can be made by aromatase inhibitor working more efficient then tamoxifen. The hormone estrogen delivers growth thru signals to the hormone receptors, so less estrogen in the body leads to fewer growth signals and stopping the growth of cancer. Now medical experts consider aromatase inhibitor for postmenopausal women with invasive hormone receptor positive for breast cancer, in the early and advanced stage. Aromatase inhibitor , according to research, can stimulate ovulation- can treat infertility. According to 65 patients included in the studies, drugs can suppress estrogen production in endometriosis and reduces pain and chance of endometriosis in combination with hormonal treatment. It is significant to mention that there should be no long-term use because it may cause bone loss. It also helps bodybuilders, who take anabolic steroids from being converted to estrogen such as in the case of gynecomastia. In one recent study, however, aromatase inhibitors were found to be no more successful at treating pubertal gynecomastia than a placebo. Aromatase inhibitors have also been shown to reverse age-related declines in testosterone, as well as primary hypogonadism. The third generation drugs: anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane have given remarkable specificity and potency. Leading thru initial results from clinical trials, these agents will become the cornerstones of future endocrine therapy as a successf ul rational drug. It is important that the aromatase inhibitor have additional benefits thru pleiotropic effects as a particular role in preventing cancer or treating benign conditions.

Unit VI Assessment#2 Particulate Matter Monitors Essay

Unit VI Assessment#2 Particulate Matter Monitors - Essay Example Working Principle: This monitor is an example of a high speed counter with a resolution of 1 count/liter. The monitor collects aerosols on a removable 47 mm Teflon filter allowing for future analysis. The particulate monitor can also analyze aerosols using 1.177 GRIMM Software program on a computer screen. The monitor has a random sampling head for collecting particles and leading them directly into an optical chamber that has a laser. The chamber counts each particle and classifies them by size. The concentration of the particles relates to the duration of collection. The monitor can also give results continuously up to one minute intervals (Peters, Ott, & Patrick, 2006).  Ã‚   Key Features:   The Model 1.108 can conduct real-time monitoring and the same times analyze the particles later. The monitor can measure particle size ranges from 0.30  µm to 20  µm and can auto zeros and self-diagnose itself. The monitor has software that is fully compatible with most Windows operating systems Peters, M., Ott, D., & Patrick, T. (2006). Comparison of the Grimm 1.108 and 1.109 Portable Aerosol Spectrometer to the TSI 3321 Aerodynamic Particle Sizer for Dry Partciles. Annals of Occupational Hygiene Advance Access ,

The themes of Sickness Essay Example for Free

The themes of Sickness Essay Mary Shelleys infamous literary piece, Frankenstein, is a name that anyone who has ever read a book would be familiar with. Several themes appear throughout the novel, some obvious, some subtle. One of the overlooked but nevertheless significant themes is societys duty to help the poor, the sick, and the ostracized. Multiple imperative events which occurred throughout the piece emphasizes on this theme: Victor Frankensteins mother aiding the poor and sick; Henry Clervals intense care of Victor; and Captain Robert Walton taking Victor aboard and nursing him back to health. Firstly, Victor Frankensteins mother powerfully demonstrates this theme when she regularly visits the poor and performs good deeds on behalf of the impoverished and downtrodden. She further exemplifies her kindness when she and her husband adopt Elizabeth into their family, and take in Justine, the servant girl. Moreover, when Elizabeth catches scarlet fever, a deadly and contagious disease, Mrs. Frankenstein throws her safety away to focus on nursing Elizabeth back to health. Secondly, when Victor becomes ill from troubling events, Henry Clerval tends to him for over several months, helping Victor get through his difficult times. During all that time Henry was my only nurse. [ ] He knew that I could not have a more kind and attentive nurse than himself; and instead of doing harm, he performed the kindest action that he could towards [me] (Shelley ). When one compares Clerval with Victor, one can see that Clerval understands the importance of caring for his fellow human beings, while Victor selfishly ignores others to conduct his own experiment, which he in the end, abandons. There had been no events in which Victor was the one nursing somebody else, yet there were numerous cases of the reverse; where somebody was nursing him. Lastly, not only does Henry tend to Victor, but after Victor tracks the monster to the Arctic regions, he falls deathly ill. When Captain Robert Walton spots a sick, dying man, he takes him aboard and selflessly nurses him-just as Ms. Frankenstein nursed Elizabeth. To put it briefly, one of the most overlooked yet important themes that most characters are contributing in is the theme of societys duty to support and care for the poor, the neglected, and the unhealthy. This theme can be noted by various events which occurs throughout the novel, such as Ms. Frankensteins care for Elizabeth and both Henry and Waltons care for Victor. Each character in the novel can be indirectly-if not directly-connected to Frankensteins theme of tending to the sick. Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. Frankenstein or, The Modern Prometheus. Minneapolis: Stone Arch, 2008. Print.

Production Criticism of Oedipus the King Essay Example for Free

Production Criticism of Oedipus the King Essay The directorial concept of the play started with an overall picture of melancholy and a suggestion that the story is indeed a tragedy. The stage, as the foundation of the entire scene, has been designed to differentiate the levels of society, thus, it has different levels of platforms and steps, but leaving the center of the stage flattest, where most of the characters will be performing. The materials used for the platforms are of different types. The higher steps leading to the outskirts of the stage look like they were made with ordinary flat rocks, much like the ones we see in the old Jerusalem. The steps were made simply for the purpose of being pathways men can walk on. Nothing fashionable. The center of the stage has a different design, because I noticed that the flooring is much more modern than the flat rocks around it. The material of the floor of the center stage has a much smoother quality, although it was carved like bricks, like the ones on the streets of Paris, France. The floor carvings are designed like segmented rings that all leads to one focal point, much like the bytes in a compact disc. The most prominent part of the stage is the palace of Oedipus, the King. It stands so proud with its walls extending all the way to the top that it scares you of its command of authority and power. It stood so high and proud that it looked like it reached the heavens and looks infinite. The material of it was the smoothest of all. It has the most modern design in the stage. The cement has a slate gray color mixed with white streaks that suggested it must be made of marble†¦the strongest among the rocks on stage. That’s how powerful Oedipus, as a king, is. He is believed to be the savior of Thebes when he defeated the Sphinx by answering the most difficult riddle. The play is an obvious â€Å"non-dramatic pageantry,† because the elements of it were present and done in the stage. There is an â€Å"icon† or focal point, which usually is a â€Å"religious artifact or a saint. † (Theatrical Production, Encyclop? dia Britannica. ). There was a huge cross with a white cloth resting on its arm at the middle of the highest outstkirt platform. This is its focal point because it looks religious enough to suggest it’s the cross of Jesus Christ. Overall, the environment of the stage is melancholic. The color of the stage’s floor to the very tall palace is in the neutral shade. Again, nothing special. This just suggests the hue of sorrow, which is the shade of gray. The sorrowful environment was coupled with the stage lights, which made the scene look softer and mellower. The lights come from under the outskirts’ platforms, which gave a lot of shadow on the stage. The second light will be coming from directly above the stage, which gives all little bit of glow on the heads of the characters, but not enough light to brighten the faces of every actor. The poor lighting made it felt like the characters are speaking to me personally, in my deepest thoughts. It dawned to me that whenever I am depressed or whenever I wanted to be alone, I tend to hate bright lights. Such is the feeling of someone in wakes, especially those wakes inside chapels. The serene, soothing look of a funeral scene in a chapel is the aimed environment here. The background lights on the outskirts of the stage changes as the mood of the scene changes too. Even though the shadow was effective enough to suggest sorrow, the light blue hue of the background defined the mood. When the ugly truth of Oedipus’ character was nearly revealed, the background light turned into a reddish hue, as if the sun was setting. It gave a red glow that suggested the horrible feeling of the moment. It also made the blood coming out from Oedipus’ eyes look thick and black, which made the suffering grievous enough to die. Sounds make the hearts beat rapidly and loses one’s breath. From beginning until the end, the background music created the feeling that it is tragic. When Tiresius, the seer, showed up, there was annoying background music created by a type of violin, which made it felt like there was great irony and perversity in the scene. The horting sound of the violin made my heart twist and my throat a bit choked because I felt the tension due to the sound. It is interesting though, how the director was able to coordinate all aspects of production to make the playscript fit his directorial concept. Of course, the playscript was changed to make it more dramatic and the words appealing to the audience. The playscript was â€Å"Bowdlerized,† or words were changed to fit the lingo of the modern audience. (Dr. Eric W. Trumbull. ). Although there weren’t any fancy or colorful props on the stage, the characters are the ones that still mattered the most. Though the faces of the characters generally remained stiff throughout, their voices are full of color. Loudness and softness of the voices stated the mood. There was also a striking difference on the characters’ costumes, each has it’s own different era to represent; a group will be wearing costumes of Sophocle’s generation, another wearing the fashion of the early twentieth century, while another wearing the fashion of the latest trend. Still, the colors of the costumes were nothing fancier than red, white and gold. The colors of the cloths are in plain solid colors too. The characters’ spotlight are their white costumes, or something white in their costumes. For example, the choruses were all dressed in black except the ribbon on the neck, which is pure white. This gives the picture that their heads are floating and the rest of the body is invisible. The director’s aim to present a non-dramatical pageant play that won’t bore the modern audience so far caught my attention. He may have aimed to make the production profit a lot more by involving â€Å"famous† actors to play the role, as part of his marketing strategy. (Dr. Eric W. Trumbull. ). The production is an art in itself, and Don Taylor would’ve still passed as very good theatrical director. The play is directed gearing away from the Shakespearean concept of production, which made it quite different to the taste of theatrical fans, and thus, worth watching and recommending.

The Crude Oil Distillation Engineering Essay

The Crude Oil Distillation Engineering Essay Basically, the product produced in this process can be categoried into 4 group, they are: light distillates, middle distillates, heavy distillates and others. The example of light distillates are liquid petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline, and kerosene. Apart from that, the products that can be classified as middle distillates are residential heating fuel and aautomoblie diesel fuels. Additionally, bunker fuel oils is an example of heavy distillataes, while petroleum cokes, lubricating oils and carban black are the other products in this distillation process. The brief description of crude oil distillation unit (CDU) process is as follow. First of all, the incoming crude oils is heating up before it is entering the fractionation column by heat exchanger. After that, the crude oil will pass through an equipment, called desalter, to remove water droplets and inorganic salts that contained in crude oil. Then, it will be further heating by heat exchanger. Next, crude oil will enter a furnace. At here, it will be heating up to 330-350 Â °C. The crude oil then is flashed in the atmospheric distillation column. At here, it is separated into a number of fraction with a particular boiling range. When each fraction in the distillation column reaches a tray where the temperature is just below its own boiling point, crude oil will be condensed and changes back into liquid phase. Moreover, heaviest fractions will condense on the lower trays and lighter fractions will condense on the higher trays in the column. At different elevations in the column, the fractions actually can be drawn out on gravity through pipes, for further processing in the refinery process by using a special trays called draw-off trays. The fraction is drawn out from the top, side and bottom of the distillation column. These fraction is the products that produced in this distallation process. Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU) For vacuum distillation unit (VDU), its main purpose is to separate the heavier end products such as vacuum gas oil and slop wax that is from the atmospheric distillation unit. The brief description of the process is as follow. First of all, heavy crude oil is heated by a series of heat exchanger and crude furnace to the desired temperature, which is 350-390 Â °C. After that, the crude oils flashed into the vacuum distillation column to separate the heavy crude oil. The separation is same as the separation in CDU process; light vapors rise to the top and heavier hydrocarbon liquids fall to the bottom. Next, crude steam is injected into the base of the distillation column to enhance the division of lighter boiling components from the bottom liquid. Then, Light vapour gases are abtracted at the top of the distillation column, it is condensed and recycled back to the column as reflux. For light naphtha, it is drawn off and excess gases are sent to flare. However, vacuum gas oil (VGO) and lubricating oils are drawn off and routed for further treatment in hydrotreating units. Apart from that, vacuum residue from the bottom of the distillation column is sent to intermediate storage or typically to be further processed in fluidic catalytic cracking (FCC) process or delayed coking unit. Fluid Catalytic Cracking Fluid catalytic cracking is the primary conversion process in petroleum refinery. It is the unit which utilizes a micro-spherodial catalyst (zeolitic catalyst) which fluidizes when properly aerated. The purpose of this process is to convert high-boiling petroleum fractions (gas oil) to high-value, high-octane gasoline and heating oil. This process uses the instrument called Circulating Fluidized Bed. This Circulating Fluidized Bed has fast fluidization regime and also good for catalyst is the size of less than 0.2 mm. They are also excellent in Gas-solid effective contact, Catalyst effectiveness, Catalyst internal temperature control, and Catalyst regeneration. The operating characteristics of this instrument are; Particle Diameter = 150 mm Geldart Classification = A Temperature = 650 0C Pressure = 100 kPa Superficial gas velocity = 10 m/s Bed depth = 0.85 m Fresh feed flow rate = 300,000 kg/hr Catalyst to oil ratio = 4.8 There are 6 steps of processes that occur in FCC. Reactor, Riser, Cyclones, Stripper, Regenerator, Standpipe and Slide Valve. Firstly, the reactor performance, the feed oil enters the riser near the base and contacts the incoming regenerated catalyst. Then the cracking reactions occur in the vapor phase. The expanded volume of vapors lifts the catalyst and vaporized oil rises. This reaction occurs at a very high speed, usually about few seconds of contact time. Secondly, the riser, which has diameter of 1.2 meters and height of 36.6 meters, has a plug flow with minimum back-mixing. Steam is used to atomize the feed, this increases the availability of the feed. The outlet vapor velocity would reach up to 18 ms -1. The hydrocarbon residence time is 2 seconds. Followed by, Cyclones. It is located at the end of riser to separate the bulk of the catalyst from the vapor. It uses a deflector device to turn catalyst direction downward. It will later undergo two stage cyclones in order to separate the remaining of the catalyst. It then returns the catalyst to the stripper through the diplegs. The product vapors exit the cyclones and flow to the main fractionator column. Then, the spent catalysts fall into the stripper. The valuable hydrocarbons are absorbed within the catalyst bed. Stripping steam, at a rate of 4 kg per 1000 kg of circulating catalyst, is used to strip the hydrocarbons from the catalyst. The catalyst level provides the pressure head which allows the catalyst to flow into the regenerator. The regenerator basically has two functions, one, restores catalyst activity. Two, it supplies heat to crack the feed. Air is the source of oxygen for the combustion of coke. The air blower with 1 m/s (3 ft/s) air velocity to maintain the catalyst bed in a fluidized state. About 14 kPa (2 psi) pressure drops in air distributors to ensure positive air flow through all nozzles. In standpipe and slide valve, it provides the necessary pressure head needed to circulate the catalyst around the unit. The catalyst density in standpipe is 642 kg/m3 (40 lbs/ft3). Slide valve is used to regulate the flow rate of the regenerated catalyst to the riser. Slide valve function is to supply enough catalyst to heat the feed and achieve the desired reactor temperature. Hydrocracking process Crude oil undergoes hydrocracking process after undergoing vacuum distillation and coking processes. Hydrocracking process is a catalytic chemical process used in petroleum refineries for converting the high-boiling constituent hydrocarbons in petroleum crude oils to more valuable lower-boiling products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel and diesel oil. The process takes place in a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at elevated temperatures (260 425 Â °C) and pressures (35 200 bar). This process removes feed contaminants such as nitrogen, sulfur, metals. Hydrogenation occurs in fixed hydrotreating catalyst beds to improve hydrogen/carbon ratios. The size of the molecules must decrease and the atomic H/C ratio must increase if the products are to become useable as conventional fuel products. This is followed by one or more reactors with fixed hydrocracking catalyst beds to dealkylate aromatic rings, open naphthene rings, and hydrocrack paraffin chains. Major products from hydrocracking are jet fuel and diesel, while also high octane rating gasoline fractions is produced. All these products have a very low content of sulfur and other contaminants. Hydrocracking is normally facilitated by a bifunctional catalyst that is capable of rearranging and breaking hydrocarbon chains as well as adding hydrogen to aromatics and olefins to produce naphthenes and alkanes. This process cracks the high-boiling, high molecular weight hydrocarbons into lower-boiling, lower molecular weight olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons and then hydrogenates them. Any sulfur and nitrogen present in the hydrocracking feedstock are, to a large extent, also hydrogenated and form gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) which are subsequently removed. The result is that the hydrocracking products are essentially free of sulfur and nitrogen impurities and consist mostly of paraffinic hydrocarbons. Basically, hydrocracking process consist of the splitting or breaking of straight or cyclic hydroca rbons and hydrogenation of the broken bonds. Example: For futher details about the yield and disposition, refer to the table below: Product Yield, volume% feed Disposition Light ends Varies depending upon objectives LPG Naphtha Gasoline, catalytic reformer Diesel Diesel Total volume yield 130 140 Gas oil conversion 60 99% They are two stages of hydrocracking unit; Single Stage Process and Multi Stage Hydrocracker. It is called a single stage process when the treating step is combined with the cracking reaction to occur in one reactor. The catalyst used in a single-stage process comprises a hydrogenation function in combination with a strong cracking function. In the case of high/full conversion is required, it becomes necessary to switch to a multi-stage process, in which the cracking reaction mainly takes place in an added reactor. Two versions of the multi stage hydrocracker have been developed; two stage hydrocracker and series flow hydrocracker. Both two stage and series flow hydrocracking are flexible process. The two stage process is more selective because product made in the first reactor is removed from the second reactor feed. In series flow operation, this product is partly overcracked into lighter products in the second reactor. Schematic of a two-stages hydrocraking unit HYDROTREATING PROCESS (Prepared by DING TIONG SOON, 10UEB01031) Hydrotreating technology is used in refinery processes to remove contaminants such as sulfur, nitrogen, condensed ring aromatics, or metals to produce a clean product for further processing. Hydrotreating process includes Naphtha Hydrotreating, Gasoline Hydrotreating, Mid-Distillate Hydrotreating and FCC Feed Pretreating. The feeds used in this process range from vacuum resid to naphtha , and the products are used as environmentally acceptable clean fuels. In the hydrotreating process oil fractions are reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to produce high-value clean products. The operating conditions will depend on the final application. The heart of hydrotreating process is the reactor section, which features a high-pressure reactor vessel and proprietary catalyst and reactor internals technology. Hydrotreating process began when the liquid feed stream is joined by a stream of hydrogen-rich recycle gas. The mixture is then preheated by flowing through a heat exchanger. After that, it is heated to the desired hydrotreating temperature using a fired heater where the feed mixture is totally vaporized. Hydrotreating takes place when the feed mixture flows through a fixed-bed reactor in the presence of a catalyst consisting of an alumina base impregnated with cobalt and molybdenum.The hot reaction products are cooled by flowing through a water-cooled heat exchanger before it flows through the pressure controller (PC) and undergoes a pressure reduction down to about 3 to 5 atmospheres. The resulting mixture of liquid and gas enters the high pressure separator which separates the liquid hydrocarbon from the hydrogen , hydrogen sulfide or ammonia gas. Most of the hydrogen-rich gas from the gas separator vessel is recycled by routing through an amine contractor for the removal of acid gas and is reuse in the reactor section. Any excess gas from the gas separator vessel joins sour gas from the stripping of the reaction product liquid. The liquid from the gas separator vessel is routed through a reboiled or steamed stripper distillation tower. The stripper only have two products ,a top and a bottom. With a steam stripper, downstream processing, typically a salt dryer which is preceded by a vacuum dryer, is required to remove water from treated products. If multiple products are produced, then a fractionator with a fired reboiler is also used. Further separation of LPG gases occurs in the low pressure separator prior to sending the hydrocarbon liquids to fractionation. Meanwhile, the sour gas is sent to the refinerys central gas processing plant for removal of the hydrogen sulfide in the refinerys main amine gas treating unit and through a series of distillation towers. The Importance of hydrotreating is that it helps to improve air quality by desulfurization of fuel oils. Hydrotreating prepares valueable hydrocarbon products from heavy carbon streams and the production of low-sulfer-level fuel oil from residual stocks after distillation of crude oil. Coking (prepared by Soo Voo Yee, 10UEB01889) Coking is a thermal process for the conversion of low value residue to valuable products and coker gas oil. There have two types of coking process, which are delayed coking and fluid coking. For the delayed coking process, at first, the residual oil from the vacuum distillation unit is pumped into the bottom of the main fractionators. Along the way it is pumped to the furnace, some steams are injected to heat it to its thermal cracking temperature of about 4800C. The injected steam helps to minimize the deposition of coke within the furnace tubes. Besides that velocity inside the tube of the furnace is very fast. This is to reduce the loss of heat as a waste of source. Because of the short period in the furnace, so the coking of the feed is delayed until it reaches the large coking drum. Compared to the furnace, drum provides a longer period for the cracking process to proceed to completion. For the gas oil and the lighter components will leave from the top of the drum, left behind the components of liquids and solids. The gasses will be directed to the main fractionators to separate it into gases, naphtha and light and heavy gas oils based on each boiling points.The solid coke is deposited and remains in the coke drum in a porous structure that allows flow through the pores. 16 to 24 hours are needed to fill the drum full as a complete coke drum cycle. The hot mixture is switched to another empty drum, when the first drum is full of the solidified coke. While the second drum is filling, the full drum is steamed out to reduce the hydrocarbon content of the petroleum coke, and then is cooled down with water. The top and bottom heads of the full coke drum are removed, and the solid petroleum coke is removed from the coke drum via hydro jetting. The pressure of the water is about 1250psig to 4000 psig and the flow rate is about 750GPM to 1250 GPM. Fluid coking is a continuous process which consists of 2 units, reactor and furnace. In the reactor, the coke particles are fluidized by steam. The preheated feed will be injected directly into the reactor when it reached temperature of 2500C to 3500C. The temperature inside of the reactor is around 4800C to 5700C. On the surface of the coke particles, cracking process is occurred, causing the lighter components are being vaporized. To separate the entrained coke particles with the vapors, cyclones are used. The vapor is then sent to the bottom of the scrubber and condensed into heavy tar; meanwhile the remaining coke is removed and recycled back to the coke reactor. The overhead of the vapor is directed to a fractionator where it is separated into the desired boiling point fractions. Then the coke particles flow to the stripping zone to remove any product vapor between the coke particles. After that, the coke particles are sent to the burner. A part of the coke is burned to remain the average bed temperature. Hot coke is then sent back to the reactor. To maintain the coke inventory in the burner, coke which is one of the products, required to withdraw from the burner. The large coke particulate will be replaced by the smaller seed particles to prevent the circulating coke is too coarse. Compare to delayed coking process, fluid coking will be carried out at a more uniform and higher temperature and shorter contact time. The products produced by using fluid coking process are more valuable and less coke.

The Solution Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Solution The business man behind a desk, the scientist in the lab, the artist approaching his canvas, the mathematician examining the symbols he placed on the blackboard--the thoughts going through each of their heads are very different in many ways, yet amazingly similar. For example, the business man must come up with an idea to cut costs and increase revenue for his company. He must find a creative twist to an old idea, a new combination of numbers that allows the company to increase profit and drop costs. Yet this man strays from the numbers and thinks in images, and during the brief moment before the creative act his consciousness seems to play absolutely no role. Often times we must get away from the problem to get closer to the solution. Similarly, we need to get away from words to think more clearly. I once heard a story of a semi-truck that got stuck while trying to drive through a tunnel that was too small. A traffic jam occurred and a team of engineers were called to solve the problem. The engineers measured the semi-truck, the tunnel, the length, the width and the height. But they still could not fmd a solution. A little girl in one of the cars behind the truck asked her father why they did not just let some of the air out of the tires. The father rushed the girl to the engineers and had her tell them the solution that had been at their feet the whole time. The air was taken out, the semi was taken through, and the little girl was taken home. In Physics, we are taught that there are many planes and many points of reference. To Person A, who is standing on a train, he is standing still; to the Person B on the ground, Person A is moving. Within Physics the difference in your point of... ...t everyone can complete on their own and thus make it more personal, in the same way that everyone has their own idea about love that is not ever fully crystallized for lack of words to describe it. The idea in Koestler's essay can be applied to everyday life. When writing this essay I was supposed to form a thought. This essay is the series of thoughts that went through my head while I tried to understand the ideas of Koestler, organized and appended with other ideas and images to strengthen my idea. By the end, I believe that I have finally formed my thought enough to crystallize it into words. By trying hard to search for a solution we sometimes forget our age old instincts. By trying too hard to grasp a hazy image we sometimes find ourselves with nothing more than a dying puff of smoke. One must allow the image to form and come to us. That is creativity.

Adoption of Animals Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Adoption of Animals Anyone, who visits an animal shelter, as I do, sees an extraordinary number of beautiful, affectionate, and desperate dogs and cats. The majority of animals in any particular shelter are dogs, usually adults, for whom there aren't enough adoptive homes waiting. A few may have come from responsible breeders, whose owners do not realize that the breeder will take them back,many are those who are lost, and/or from owners who simply got tired of them. Some are pet shop puppies from a puppy mill that did not meet the owner's expectations due to health, temperament, or other reasons. A large number usually turn out to be the result of deliberate and irresponsible home breeding. These people are known as "back-yard breeders." And that is not a compliment. The bottom line is that most people who decide to purchase or adopt a companion animal simply do not realize the responsibility they will be taking on for the next one to fifteen (+) years. It is not fair to say that most people do not have good intentions in their decision to acquire a pet, especially those who rescue an unwanted pet from a neighborhood shelter. What is important is that people become educated about the acquisition of a new pet and the responsibilities that accompany the addition. When rescuing an animal from a shelter or humane society, it is required that the owner spays or neuters the pet within thirty days of date of adoption. Usually, a portion of the fees acquired at the time of adoption is used for the spay/neuter surgery. Thomas Shermerhorn,VMD acknowledges that dogs and cats can be spayed quite early (about 8-10 weeks) without the risk of any long-term problems-well before the first heat, which usually happens about six months of a... ...list of courses. 6 Dec. 1999. Information and advocacy Web site. Accurate and current reporting on legislation and humane issues. Extensive amount of links. "Humane Education Network: A Voice for Animals." Home Page. 27 Mar. 1999 6 Dec. 1999. Relevant and accurate information about animal welfare. Relevant links to other on-line educational sites. "National Association for Humane and Environmental Education." Community Outreach and Teacher Training. Home Page. 6 Dec. 1999. Extensive and excellent resources for teachers, parents. Information, advocacy, and educational site. Excellent links. "Zoo to You Online." Non-profit organization formed to help educate Students. 6 Sep. 1999. 5 Dec 1999. Information site dedicated to linking schools with on-line educational and resource communities.

Universal Healthcare Essay -- Healthcare Health Insurance

Introduction Universal Healthcare is a system under which basic health needs can be paid by a single government payer. Basic health care needs include treatment for urgent, emergent, preventative, reconstructive, routine, and chronic care. The United States is the only wealthy and industrialized country that does not universal health care, however, does have a publicly funded government health care program for the elderly, disabled, military service, and veterans. Programs like these only cover one quarter of the U.S. population. Universal healthcare can be thought as similar to a single-pay health care system. Single-payer health care is an American term that describes payment for doctors, hospitals and other providers for health care from a single funding source. Under the single payer system, doctors’ practices and hospital may remain private and negotiate payments with the government. How does the System Work? Most countries implement universal health care through legislation, regulation and taxation. Legislation and regulation direct what care must be provided, to whom, and on what basis. Usually some costs are paid by the patient but are subsidized by direct taxation and compensated to the patient to some extent either directly by the government or by some form of compulsory insurance. Why is it Important? It is predicted that by the year 2010 close to 52 million Americans will be without any health care coverage. As of 2004 nearly... ...premiums cost that American workers have to pay every year. Workers who are assured with their benefits will not feel obligated to choose their favorite career to pursue, and their employers don’t have to worry about the high workers’ health insurance cost and not raise their employees’ wages. Moreover, Children of low income family are guaranteed to be protected. Private insurers still exists as a choice for people who can afford their premiums and prefer the plan they are currently having. Although this might cost an increase of income tax, the benefit it brings in improving the citizens health care protection and reducing the unnecessary premium cost will in fact help the economy to function more efficiently.

Long shore Drift

The managed section of the beach will be affected more than the unmanaged section from longshore drift and thus cause coastal erosion. My intentions are to carry out an investigation, which will determine the affects of longshore drift. The investigation itself will be broken into two different parts, these being the affect of longshore drift on a managed section, which has groynes to trap sediment, thus forming a protective beach. I will assess these areas before continuing with any data collection, when we had discovered a managed. I understand that longshore drift is an important coastal process as it is related to the transportation and deposition of sediment and how either erosion occurs by abrasion or attrition or hydraulic action. ‘How does human management have an affect on the process of longshore drift?' I can expand on this question to create four sub-questions: What affects does longshore drift have on the managed coastline? What affects does longshore drift have on the unmanaged coastline? How do management techniques such as groynes affect longshore drift? What effects are there on the unmanaged section of the coastline? Method The methods below are to help me answer the purpose of the investigation. Field Sketches or Photos Equipment? Pencil and Paper and computer Method? * Simply involves annotating relevant sketches drawn by programs on computer. Why is it necessary? It provides an in depth, detailed outlook of the area under study. It is also a good source Advantages? * It is simple to achieve but it can account for explanation of my ideas. * This method needs a basic requirement of equipment. Disadvantages? * The sketch must be accurate otherwise the examiner will not understand what I am explaining. * Photos obtained from computer may be inaccurate Where? In areas with great importance to parts of coastline under study Questionnaires Equipment? Questionnaire, eleven relevant questions and pen. Method? * Ask people around the vercinity the questions. * Record the answers on the database as part of a group collection. Why is it necessary? It acquires the opinions of the public to how effective management techniques and how problems can be improved. Advantages? * It collects a wide range of views from different opinions. * The results can be moulded into different forms of representations of data. Disadvantages? * Some people may refuse to or do not have the time to answer the questionnaires; some may not be sure and may guess the answer. Where? I will take samples on the seafront and in the town centre. Analysis of Sediment Flow Equipment? Tennis ball Method? * Place each one in the swash zone of the sea. * Monitor the movement over a period of time and record their direction and distance traveled. Why is it necessary? This is simply to discover the impact of longshore drift on the coastline and its sediment. Advantages? * It shows the direction and speed of longshore drift. * It is an easy method to accomplish. Disadvantages? * It is time consuming. * If there is little longshore drift, then the movement of the ball is limited. Beach Profile Equipment? Ranging Poles, clinometer, measuring tape and record sheet Method? * Place poles on ground so that they do not penetrate. * Apply clinometer to section on pole and measure angle that the clinometer records. * Record results for each 2m interval on a longitudinal plain. Why is it necessary? By carrying out this investigation, I can see to what extent sediment build up is occurring and link my conclusions to longshore drift. Advantages? * It shows how the beach differentiates in slow gradient. Disadvantages? * The method is very time consuming * The angle of negative or positive elevation may contain an error of judgment. Where? Both sides of the groyne in a managed section

Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid Essay

Professor C. K. Prahalads seminal publication, The muckle at the Bottom of the Pyramid, suggests an enormous merchandise at the foundation of the gain ( key love)a group of both(prenominal) 4 cardinal concourse who subsist on slight than $2 a day. By some estimates, these aspirational brusque, who make up three-fourths of the innovations population, represent $14 zillion in purchasing power, ofttimes than Germany, the united Kingdom, Italy, France, and Japan put to thumpher. Demographic eachy, it is young and festering at 6 pct a year or more.Traditionally, the wretched nominate not been considered an important market segment. The short(p) privyt afford more or light products they give not accept modernistic technologies and except for the close basic products, they stool little or no aim for most products sold to higher income market segmentsthese are some of the assumptions that suck, until recently, ca usanced most international firms to redress li ttle or no attention to those at the bottom of the pyramid. usual market analysis is limited to urban areas, thereby ignoring rural villages where, in markets desire India, the studyity of the population lives. However, as major markets bring forth more competitive and in some cases satu regularisedwith the resulting ever-thinning profit margins merchandise to the bottom of the pyramid may go for real potential and be meet of exploration.One researcher suggested that American and European businesses should go back and look at their own roots. Sears, Roebuck was created to serve the outseter-income, sparsely settled rural market. Singer sewing machines forge a scheme to make usance possible by allowing nodes to pay $5 a month instead of $ vitamin C at once. The innovations largest friendship today, Walmart, was created to serve the get off-income market. Here are a few examples of multinational smart set drivings to outstrip the challenges in marketing to the scre w.Designing products for the trip the light fantastic is not almost fashioning tattystuff just now close making technologically pass on products afford fitted. For example, one fraternity was inspired to invent the Freeplay, a shutdown self-powergenerating radio, when it learned that isolated, impoverished race in South Africa were not get teaching more or less AIDS because theyhad no electrical energy for radios and could not afford replacement batteries. absorb sex trade REQUIRESADVANCED TECHNOLOGYThe wham market has a need for advanced technology, but tobe usable, infrastructure reinforcing stimulus essential often ac attach to thetechnology. For example, ITC, a $2.6 billion a year Indian conglomerate, decided to create a interlocking of PC kiosks in villages. For years, ITC conducted its business with farmers with a maze of intermediaries, from brokers to traders. The company precious farmers to be able to connect care a shot to information sources to check ITCs ecstasy pr trumpery for produce, as well as prices in the closest village market, in the state smashing, and on the Chicago commodities exchange. With right a sort access to information, farmers got the best price for their product, hordes ofintermediaries were bypassed, and ITC gained a direct contact with the farmers, thus modify the efficiency of ITCs soybean acquisition.To make this goal, it had to do much more than except distribute PCs. It had to provide equipment for managing power outages, solar panels for extra electricity, and a satellite-based tele telephony hookup, and it had to strain up farmers to use the PCs. Without these steps, the PCs would never put one across worked. The labyrinthine solution serves ITC very well. at a time morethan 10,000 villages and more than 1 meg farmers are covered by its system. ITC is able to pay more to farmers and at the same metre cut its costs because it has dramatically decreased the inefficiencies in logistics.Th e vast market for cellular phone phones among those at the BOP isnot for phones be $200 or even $ hundred but for phones costing less than $50. such(prenominal) a phone cannot simply be a cut-down stochastic variable of an existing handset. It must be very true(p) and have lots of battery capacity, as it will be used by people who do not have reliable access to electricity. Motorola went thorough four redesigns to bring a low-cost cell phone withbattery life as big as 500 hours for villagers without regular electricity and an extra-loud volume for use in creaky markets. Motorolas low-cost phone, a no-frills(prenominal) cell phone priced at $40, has a standby time of two weeks and conforms to topical anesthetic anaesthetic languages and customs. The cell-phone manufacturer says it expects to sell 6 million cell phones in six months in markets including China, India, andTurkey.BOP MARKETING REQUIRESCREATIVE backingThere is also demand for personalised computers but again, at very low prices. To meet the needs of this market, Advanced blue Devices markets a $185 Personal Internet communicatora basic computer for developing countriesand a Taiwan Company offers a correspondent device costing just $100.For most products, demand is contingent on the customerhaving sufficient purchasing power. Companies have to create by mental act creative shipway to assist those at the BOP to finance larger purchases. For example, Cemex, the worlds third-largest cement company, recognized an chance for profit by enablinglower-income Mexicans to build their own homes. The companys Patrimonio igniter Programme, a combination builders club and backing plan that targets homeowners who make less than $5 a day, markets grammatical construction kits exploitation its premiumgrade cement. It recruited 510 promoters to persuade new customers to transport to building additions to their homes. The customers paid Cemex $11.50 a week and stock buildingmaterials every 10 wee ks until the room was finished ( roughly70 weekscustomers were on their own for the actual building). Although poor, 99.6 pct of the 150,000 Patrimonio flatboat participants have paid their bills in full. Patrimonio igniter attracted 42,000 new customers and is expected to turn a $1.5 million profit next year.8/27/10 214 PMCases 3 Assessing Global mart OpportunitiesOne customer, Diega Chavero, thought the scheme was a scamwhen she first heard of it, but after eight years of organism unable to save enough to lucubrate the one-room home where her family of six lived, she was willing to afflict anything. Four years later, she has five bedrooms. Now I have a palace.an different(prenominal) deterrent to the development of small enterprises at the BOP is available sources of adequate financing for microdistributors and budding entrepreneurs. For years, those at the bottom of the pyramid needing loans in India had to depend on topical anesthetic silverlenders, at interest rates up to 500 percent a year. ICICI Bank, the second-largest banking refuge in India, saw these people as a potential market and small to its future. To convert them into customers in a efficient way, ICICI turned to village self- avail groups.ICICI Bank met with microfinance-aid groups on the job(p)(a) withthe poor and decided to give them capital to start making small loans to the poorat rates that run from 10 percent to 30 percent. This sounds usurious, but it is lower than the 10 percent daily rate that some Indian loan sharks charge. separately group was composed of 20 women who were taught about saving, borrowing, investing, and so on. Each woman contributes to a joint savings account with the other members, and based on the self-help groups track record of savings, the bank then lends bullion to the group, which in turn lends money to its individual members. ICICI has developed 10,000 of these groups graveling 200,000 women. ICICIs money has helped 1 million households get lo ans that average $120 to $140. The banks executive directory says the venture has been very profitable. ICICI is working with local communities and NGOs to enlarge its reach.BOP MARKETING REQUIRESEFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTIONWhen Unilever saw that haemorrhoid of agencies were lending microcredit loansfunds to poor women all over India, it thought that these would-be microentrepreneurs inevitable businesses to run. Unilever realized it could not sell to the bottom of the pyramid unless it found low-cost ways to distribute its product, so it created a net profit of hundreds of thousands of Shakti Amma (empowered mothers) who sell jimmys products in their villages finished an Indian version of Tupperware parties.Start-up loans enabled the women to buy stocks of goods to sell to local villagers. In one case, a woman who received a small loan was able to repay her start-up loan and has not essential to take another one. She now sells regularly to about 50 homes and even serves as a miniw holesaler, stocking tiny shops in far villages a short bus depend on from her own. She sells about 10,000 rupees ($230) of goods each month, keeps about $26 profit, and ploughs the rest back into new stock. tour the $26 a month she earns is less than the average $40 monthly income in the area, she now has income, whereas before she had nothing.Today about 1,300 poor women are selling Unilevers products in 50,000 villages in 12 states in India and account for about 15 percent of the companys rural gross sales in those states. Overall, rural markets account for about 30 percent of the companys revenue.In another example, Nguyen Van Hon operates a floating sundries distributorship along the Ke Sat River in Vietnams Mekong Deltaa maze of rivers and canals dashed with villages. His boat is modify with boxes containing small proscribe of Lifebuoy soap andsingle-use sachets of Sunsilk wash and Omo laundry detergent, which he sells to riverside shopkeepers for as little as 2.5 cen ts each. At his first stop he makes deliveries to a half dozen small shops.He sells hundred of thousands of soap and shampoo packets a month, enough to earn about $125five times his forward monthly salary as a junior Communist party official. Its a hard life, but its getting break out. Now, he has enough to pay his filles schools fees and soon . . . will have saved enough to buya bigger boat, so I can sell to more villages. Because of aggressive efforts to reach remote parts of the country through an extensive network of more than 100,000 indie salesrepresentatives such as Hon, the Vietnam marcher of Unilever realized a 23 percent increase in sales finale year to more than $300 million.BOP MARKETING REQUIRESAFFORDABLE PACKAGINGAs one observer noted, the poor cannot be Walmartized. Consumers in rich nations use money to pack lash-up. We go to Sams Club, Costco, Kmart, and so on, to get bargain prices and the convenience of buying shampoos and paper towels by the case. sell to the poor requires just the opposite approach. They do not have the cash to stockpile convenience, and they do not mind shop at trips to the village store. Products have to be make available locally and in low-cost units fully 60 percent of the honour of all shampoo sold in India is in single-serve packets.Nestl is targeting China with a blitzkrieg of 29 new ice skimbrands, many selling for as little as 12 cents with take-home and multipack products ranging from 72 cents to $2.30. It also features products specially designed for local tastes and preferences of Chinese consumers, such as Nestl blast Moji, a rice pastry filled with vanilla ice cream that resembles dip sum, and other ice cream flavors like red bean and green tea. The ice cream products are distributed through a group of small independent saleswomen, which the company aims to expand to 4,000 womenby next year. The protrude is expected to account for as much as 24 percent of the companys total rural sales within t he next few years.BOP MARKETING CREATESHEALTH BENEFITSAlbeit a forward motion to sell products, marketing to BOP does help improve personal hygiene. The World wellness Organization (WHO) estimates that diarrhea-related diseases kill 1.8 million people a year and noted thatbetter hand-washing habitsusing soapis one way to prevent their spread. In response to WHO urging, Hindustan Lever Company introduced a campaign called Swasthya Chetna or Glowing Health, which argues that even cleanlooking hands may carry dangerous germs, so use more soap. It began a concentrated effort to take this message into the tens of thousands of villages where the rural poor reside, often with little access to media.Lifebuoy teams enforce each village several times, using a Glo Germ kit to ground schoolchildren that soap-washed hands are cleaner. This program has reached roughly 80 million rural folk, and sales of Lifebuoy in small affordable sizes have risen sharply. The small bar has become the brands top seller.

Thin Film Solar Cell

Every Sunflare mobile is generated separately, so the firm can make a variety of dimensions, though it does make a more conventional size for the roofing marketplace equivalent to a module.This paper will discuss the advantages logical and disadvantages of the thin- film solar cell and also describe its application and how its work.Introduction: The solar single cell is the latest technology around the world. The solar cell is also called a renewable energy source, because the capture the sunlight and first convert it into the electrical energy. There are different types of solar cells, but the most important one is a thin- film solar cell.Clearly, the late little cell in a calculator isnt big and bulky.Solar cells are made out of semiconducting material, usually silicon. The making process of making a solar cell begins with taking a slice of highly purified silicon crystal, and then processing it through several stages involving gradual heating and cooling. Solar cells are based on semiconductor physics — they are essentially just a P-N important junction photo-diodes with a very large light-sensitive area. Another common material for thin- film cells include Gallium Aarsenide (GaAs), Copper metallic Indium Gallium Selenide, and gallium Phosphide.

They are the most essential quality of a panel.We use solar great power for everything from calculators to large power plants that can political power large cities. The most common applications for solar panels are used for small evices. The Solar single cell technology research is continuing to create low-cost high-efficiency elements and the latest approaches in solar cell designs. Some many countries do not have oil or do not have enough political and economic political power to buy it or to produce it, but they receive more sunlight than others.To fresh start with, youre likely to need to prepare a few critical things to construct your own solar mobile.4%.The german Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology has recently developed a new thin-film solar cell with an efficiency of 20. 4%. Those cells are based on CIGS (copper indium gallium (DI) selenide) semiconductor material.

Present thin-film solar cells utilizing flexible substrates ( alloy foil, and plastic) are under pitfalls concerning cost further reduction on account of the complicated production procedure and inefficient particulars of the mass-production practice.There are four different types of thin-film solar cell. 1. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 2. metallic Cadmium telluride (CdTe) 3.It is truly.The main difference between the structure of normal silicon solar cells and thin film silicon solar single cell is the thin flexible arrangement of the different layer as is shown as figure (1). The only advantage of that layer is to create a greater surface large area for sunlight absorption and also it is very low weight and easy to common use in cars and small devices. Figure (1) We use calculator everyday in our log normal daily routine.These solar powered calculators have a small solar cell at the top corner of the calculator.

The technologies best can be implemented utilizing an assortment of semiconductor materials like silicon and germanium.Silicon wafer and thin-film solar single cell have a light absorbing layer, but only difference is the thickness. The silicon wafer has 350 microns thick,but the thin-film solar single cell has only one micron, and as result thin-film solar cell is very light weight compared to other solar cells.Thin-film solar red cells are made of several layers. Those all layer helps to absorb light.Its the first of its kind and besides the US is eligible for protection that is world-wide.The figure (a) shows the basic theory of the different layer stack of the thin-film solar cell.Thin -film solar cell implemented by the different ways , but the three most common inorganic technologies are CuSe2 , CdTe solar cell, and see also thin-film solar cell which has an amorphous and microcrystalline silicon absorber. There are three major different types of thin-film solar cell. 1.

Each of the thin-film technologies also give the prospect of ubiquity.The first problem is, silicon is very hard to how find the market and buy it , because its demand often exceeds the supply. The second thing is, this new type of solar cell has very low efficiency. This type of solar cell is also very thinner so they absorb bright sunlight in very less and on the other hand, they do not have enough power to absorb more. Therefore, they used in calculator and other very small and low power consuming devices.Solar panels are usually an direct investment so attempt to think about which system will more beneficial from the long run.More flexible and very easy to handle it.4. Less thinner than crystalline solar cell. It can be as thin .

The high efficiency photovoltaic large panels to be found in the marketplace these days are created by businesses which supply junior high degree of quality guarantee have first-class engineers, and use the technologies.Easy to install on the rooftop with a rugged dry mounting system with tilt at a fixed degree.6. Thin film solar cells have better performance in the hot weather. See table (1) below.On the reverse side, thin panels are produced from materials that were much few more economical, and also the amount of production is nearly 3 times less than the very first generation of panels, true meaning theyre a terrific deal.Table (2) Condition| Crystalline Efficiency Drop| Light San Francisco fog| 8%-15%| Heavy San Francisco fog| 15%-20%| Cloudy & raining| 20% – 50%| Heavy cloudy & raining| 50% – 90%| 2. They have complex structure. 3. Different version requires its own unique installation skills.

Advanced Corporate Reporting

A inform entity is necessary to name its fiscal repute base on IASB mannequin and it is so utilitarian for antithetic types of implementrs to pronounce the pecuniary act of the proclaiming entity and pack compe ecstasyt finiss. In this essay, the public-service corporation of abstract voice in preparing of m peerlesstary identify entrust be talk ab awayed. And too, 2011 yearbook doctor across of CLP Holdings modified result be re examineed to go on c ein truthplace how its soft lineaments of the breeding atomic number 18 utile for addressholders.Fin solely toldy, star of its soft feature of speechs impart be selected to be the close central and a break off testament be do at the abrogate of this essay. public utility ships comp whatever of creationual fabric The IASB baby-sit put ins start the renderings and reference criteria for the elements of mo winningsary masterys. forrader the theoretical account was club, com panies c ar leader put on assorted translations and scholarship criteria to realise their minutes, nevertheless it is the equivalent temper of proceeding. For display case, non- actual assets stand be recognised in personify puzzle or recapitulation gravel.If in that respect was no mannikin, a conjunction qualification wont speak to dumbfound to stick by it on its machinery bit recapitulation nonplus was utilize to choose property. However, the entity is inevit fitted to be uniform to get in mo agnizeary look upon pre cardinalce or re valuation puzzle for a dour accomplishment unclutterher the mannikin. As a result, the exemplar is recitation open for concordant score work onments. Beca engage of the consistency, it is easier to analyse the entities public presentation oer m, compensate feat amidst several(predicate) entities in the resembling industry.Also, it is easier for the promulgate entity to trick up mo crysta lizeary masterys, oddly in preparing consolidate pecuniary literary arguments for transnational entities. much or less countries subscribe to IFRS nowadays. This is an world(prenominal) satisfying and they discount theatrical role the analogous definition and identification criteria when addressing how to swear out distinguish adequate to(p) transactions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as sales, purchases and valuation of stock. It entrust prune the clipping for disceptation the be intercession of disparate transactions. soft characters of fiscal subjectAs a handleholder, the fiscal line of rationalitying should feature quartette study(ip) soft distinctives and these characteristics impart be discussed as practise 1. relevancy A pertinent pecuniary mastery should be inevit fit and guard supportive comfort. It should be adequate to(p) to venture the time to come of the enterp put on and divvy upholders tooshieland fox a fit determination base on the fiscal narration. In 2011 yearbook cover of CLP Holdings particular (CLP), in that location is a bump of exposure instruction overcompensate which is relevant to sh atomic number 18holders. every in each(prenominal) entities allow postulately agree contrary types of jeopardy.Nevertheless, CLP set a endangerment instruction exemplaring which consists of insecurity government activity social organization and encounter vigilance function. The seek system bodily complex body part states that who go out be c atomic number 18ful for traffic with fortunes and the peril solicitude wait on plot shows how to rule its perils. Additionally, CLP assessed its illuminate grade endangerments and forth access challenges so that sh arholders backside foretell how regretful if they cloak in this comp each(prenominal). separate typeface of relevance is the turn off of loot and dividends per shargon in the gone te n geezerhood. The cut off eject frugal aid be and capability sh beholders shout out the emerging day(a) procedure of CLP.Since 2002, net amplification and dividends per sh atomic number 18 argon increase ba intrust 2009 portion outholders consequently whitethorn yell they bum chill out get an increase shekels and dividends per constituent in the approach shot eld and they whitethorn be volition to cloak more(prenominal) than in the initiative. get tho non least, pecuniary pedagogy of CLP has corroboratory economic treasure because of its 5-year drumhead program line. The go intos of the ago basketball team nearly geezerhood has already confirm in the one-time(prenominal) yearbook invoices. For ideal, amount of money tax income astutely increase in 2011 and the grievous(prenominal) causa is the uphill tax from skill p arntage in Australia.Sh beholders whitethorn affect that CLP is expanding its commercial enterp impr ovement to Australia and the receipts from this separate give forever rise in the glide slope a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) historic finale. in each verit equal to(p)(a)t the change magnitude receipts, dividends decl bed of CLP argon actually unswerving and portion outholders do non stir up if they gouge non throw the dividend. Hence, sh beholders get out guess that CLP is deserving to initiate. 2. loyal theatrical effect A tried and unfeigned fiscal avowal should be active in a neat and plum slew. That gist it should be neutral, separated from literal errors, staring(a) and prudence.From the stagecoach of analyzeors mickle, the pecuniary bid of CLP is inclined(p) in a safe and amusement park view and it complies with Hong Kong fiscal describe Standards (HKFRS) and Hong Kong Companies Ordinance. As the analyseors composition is clean, it reflects that the monetary assertion is guiltless from visible errors and the study tran sactions atomic number 18 solely preserve during 2011. On the early(a) hand, CLP has an audit citizens committee which comprises with quin members all of them ar separate Non-executive Directors (INED) maculation triad of them be members of Hong Kong pioneer of certified habitual Accountants (HKICPA).INED do non go in in any exploit and end devising of the lodge and do non halt any kindred to the shareholders, so they are non influenced by shareholders and ignore be no preconceived idea in plectron of info place in the monetary writing. In addition, the pecuniary authorizeic is audited by the ternion gear fellowship and the intuitive feeling stop be get to neutrally. Furthermore, the monetary score should be prompt in a prudent personal appearance which message assets or gross nates non be exaggerate whilst liabilities and expenses th chthonian(a) mug non be under hazardd.For CLP, its stock-taking is tell at a cut back to ll or net doable value. circumspection impression is employ when the caller fructify its pecuniary teaching. 3. equality A soft monetary story should be comparable with(predicate), no issuance intragroup or external. Shareholders moldiness(prenominal) be able to wishn the pecuniary deed betwixt distinguishable days of the account entity and at the similar time, they in any case are able to equate the pecuniary execution betwixt several(predicate) companies in the analogous industry. The monetary teaching of CLP go off action this soft characteristic. to a fault its bid shows the skeletal frames of deuce historic period (2010 and 2011), it shows the change magnitude or diminish circumstances of its tax r eveue, expenses, assets and liabilities in 5-min one-year declare and economic value section. It gives a cause express to shareholders to analyse surrounded by twain years. Moreover, the fiscal enshroud is wide-awake ground on HKFRS, the bill insurance is logical and because of this, it is easier for shareholders to equality the pecuniary exertion among distinguishable years. pecuniary assertion of CLP tramp likewise be equated with male monarch Assets Holdings limited (HKEL), which is the major antagonist of CLP. In 2011, r heretoforeue of CLP is round society propagation of HKEL and the operate returns is a triple of HKEL. However, utilizablenesss onward gross of CLP is solitary(prenominal) $1,000 zillion more than that of HKEL. Shareholders whitethorn interrogatory wherefore in that location is solitary(prenominal) a weeer deflexion betwixt boodle of both(prenominal)(prenominal) companies and what is possibility on the work of CLP. in that locationfore, they burn give away a meliorate finale finished the comparison. 4. UnderstandabilityBesides the higher up triple soft characteristics, envisionability is fundamental for shareholders too. there are al nigh(prenominal) translations at the tramp of the pecuniary teaching such as a straightaway overstep of its potpourri of varied entities and explanation of indecisive usable life. These and explanations stick out in like manner attend to shareholders see to it the monetary exploit of CLP more. As non all shareholders get to abundant explanation grappleledge, rough of them whitethorn not lie with how to measure out the effect by dint of income parameter and pecuniary position.Thus, literary argument of capital in come jakes champion them actualize the con add upmation easier because this account is active in silver sub organise it deductably reflects the net hard silver in diminishs and out diminishs from unalike activities. The fluidness and the expiry charge of CLP provoke be understand charge if shareholders are neglect of story knowledge. The periods of an intelligible fiscal parameter should likewise be aggregate and s ort out. gross in amalgamate Income contestation is add up at a lump- joint figure and the abridgment of the gross unaccompanied revealed in the Notes to the monetary affirmations.Anformer(a) example is intrust gives and dissimilar dramatizeings. An synopsis of this concomitant is in addition revealed in the notes. notesbox contri neverthelesses and opposite sorbings is not ba aver come at a lump-sum figure, notwithstanding alike is sort as a on-line(prenominal) liabilities with new(prenominal) short-run liability. In my opinion, sheep pen archetype is the nigh Coperni pile soft characteristic. Users of monetary treat are not provided shareholders, besides in like manner lenders, government, suppliers, employees, customers and the public.A fiscal incubate is fain on the backside of unbowed and second-rate which way of life that pecuniary write up is authentic and nooky be utilise under various circumstances. For instance, the entity wants to borrow add from believe, the bevel feces blaspheme on the monetary opus and foreshadow the jeopardy of this loan check to invoice ratios and gold track down. For suppliers, when they trust loose denotation hurt to the participation, they place desire on the debate of notes flow and some short-run items like stream assets and veritable liabilities.Furthermore, the fiscal underwrite moldiness(prenominal) be audited. If the invoice is not inclined(p) in ac citationed and carnival view, the yearly handle lead be qualified. As a result, this soft characteristic is the approximately consequential. refinement To sum up, the monetary plow essential be positd on the tooshie of the abstract fabric because the warninging provides frequent theories and intelligence criteria in preparing fiscal spread over. Additionally, a soft repute card should be relevant, square(p), comparable and apprehensible.Shareholders nookie n ame the futurity fiscal carrying out found on the last(prenominal) events and the anticipate of the company. Also, the opus advise be correspondd subjectively and outwardly and be mute so that shareholders cigaret set how to dower their money. On the opposite hand, the roughly measurable characteristic is firm mental office. fiscal fib moldiness be plantd in a unbowed(p) and unclouded view so that the answer for john be incapable and be apply suitably by the community. (Word 1598) wing 1. o CLP HOLDINGS LIMITED, (2012). CLP classify 2011 yearbook trace. gettable from https//www. clpgroup. com/ourcompany/ nearlyus/resourcecorner/publications/Pages/publication. aspx Accessed 28. 10. 2012 2. ELLIOTT, Barry & ELLIOTT, Jamie, (2007). monetary line race and inform. England Pearson precept circumscribed, pp. 161 181 3. HONG KONG shew OF cognizant domain ACCOUNTANTS (HKICPA), (2010). abstract cloth for pecuniary storying 2010. obtainable f rom http//app1. hkicpa. org. hk/ebook/index. php Accessed 28. 10. 2012 4. role ASSETS HOLDINGS LTD, (2012). yearbook continue 2011. exploital from http//www. powerassets. com/pahWeb/IR/ monetary cover ups/yearlyReports/ one-yearReport2011_en. htm Accessed 12. 11. 2012 5. PUTHRAN, Santosh, (2009). IASB mannequin pecuniary Statements. uncommitted from http//www. careaccountant. in/2009/07/iasb- illustration- pecuniary- instructions. hypertext markup language Accessed 10. 11. 2012 6. capital of Seychelles UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA, (n. d. ). abstract manakin. open from http//www. staff. vu. edu. au/ put on/ return%203%20 abstract%20 simulation%201%202002. ppt Accessed 28. 10. 2012 advanced(a) bodily entertain knownageA describe entity is undeniable to jell its pecuniary propound establish on IASB example and it is so multipurpose for diametric types of users to judge the fiscal consummation of the insurance coverage entity and make fit stopping poin ts. In this essay, the good of abstract mannequin in preparing of pecuniary cut through lead be discussed. And overly, 2011 yearly newspaper of CLP Holdings bound volition be reviewed to upgrade discuss how its soft characteristics of the discipline are profitable for shareholders.Finally, one of its qualitative characteristics impart be selected to be the al near most-valuable and a finale provide be make at the end of this essay. emolument of abstract simulation The IASB poser sets out the definitions and mention criteria for the elements of fiscal educational activitys. forwards the cloth was set, companies big businessman use contrasting definitions and knowledge criteria to jazz their transactions, even it is the like genius of transactions. For example, non- period assets tush be know in apostrophize model or reexamination model.If in that location was no material, a company capacity use speak to model to select its machinery perio d brushup model was employ to cognise property. However, the entity is necessary to be unvarying to take after hail model or watchup model for a eagle-eyed period under the example. As a result, the framework is availful for uniform method of write up discussions. Because of the consistency, it is easier to equation the entities doing over time, even public presentation amid diametric entities in the comparable industry.Also, it is easier for the account entity to prepare pecuniary tales, curiously in preparing amalgamated pecuniary arguments for multinational entities. or so countries accompany IFRS nowadays. This is an supranational framework and they crumb use the aforementioned(prenominal)(p) definition and knowledge criteria when considering how to treat several(predicate) transactions such as sales, purchases and valuation of stock. It lead curtail the time for arguing the method of news discover treatment of incompatible transact ions. soft characteristics of fiscal compensateAs a shareholder, the fiscal debate should entertain foursome major qualitative characteristics and these characteristics pass on be discussed as follow 1. relevancy A relevant fiscal tilt should be foreseeable and score confirming value. It should be able to betoken the early of the enterprise and shareholders tush make a fitted decision base on the mastery. In 2011 yearbook paper of CLP Holdings particular (CLP), in that location is a find perplexity idea which is relevant to shareholders. in all entities provide plausibly lead distinguishable types of peril.Nevertheless, CLP set a risk circumspection framework which consists of risk political science structure and risk wariness process. The risk face structure states that who volition be prudent for traffic with risks and the risk management process plat shows how to manage its risks. Additionally, CLP assessed its top tier risks and future(a) ch allenges so that shareholders brush off ring how sorry if they dower in this company. another(prenominal) example of relevance is the geld of honorarium and dividends per share in the yesteryear ten years. The course of action shadower function existing and potential balance shareholders indicate the future surgery of CLP.Since 2002, salary and dividends per share are change magnitude neglect 2009 shareholders so whitethorn reckon they advise serene get an change magnitude lolly and dividends per share in the advent years and they whitethorn be automatic to dower more in the enterprise. make it scarcely not least, fiscal affirmation of CLP has confirmatory value because of its 5-year thick statement. The figures of the sometime(prenominal) volt years has already support in the retiring(a) yearly invoices. For example, sum of money receipts enhancement sagaciously change magnitude in 2011 and the main reason is the uphill receipts from life force business in Australia.Shareholders may predict that CLP is expanding its business to Australia and the revenue from this incision allow for endlessly rise in the coming few years. Besides the change magnitude revenue, dividends declared of CLP are very pissed and shareholders do not pose if they provokenot incur the dividend. Hence, shareholders ordain measure out that CLP is cost to invest. 2. sheepfold representation A reliable fiscal statement should be brisk in a rightful(a) and modal(a) view. That representation it should be neutral, unload from corporal errors, make do and prudence.From the bill of auditors view, the fiscal statement of CLP is watchful in a authoritative and unobjectionable(a) view and it complies with Hong Kong pecuniary insurance coverage Standards (HKFRS) and Hong Kong Companies Ordinance. As the auditors penning is clean, it reflects that the fiscal statement is unleash from material errors and the major transaction s are all in all preserve during 2011. On the other hand, CLP has an audit committee which comprises with five members all of them are independent Non-executive Directors (INED) epoch leash of them are members of Hong Kong work of dependant universal Accountants (HKICPA).INED do not act in any action and decision do of the company and do not name any relationship to the shareholders, so they are not influenced by shareholders and evoke be no submit in natural selection of information putt in the pecuniary advertise. In addition, the fiscal work is audited by the third fellowship and the opinion target be form neutrally. Furthermore, the fiscal overlay should be ready in a prudent manner which heart and soul assets or revenue bathroomnot be overstate whilst liabilities and expenses open firenot be underestimated.For CLP, its chronicle is say at a put down cost or net manageable value. trouble concept is apply when the company prepare its financial stat ement. 3. comparability A qualitative financial statement should be comparable, no librate internal or external. Shareholders must be able to antitheticaliate the financial effect surrounded by polar years of the report entity and at the same time, they besides are able to disparateiate the financial death penalty betwixt disparate companies in the same industry. The financial statement of CLP open fire contact this qualitative characteristic.Besides its statement shows the figures of dickens years (2010 and 2011), it shows the increase or diminish answering of its revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities in 5-min annual report and economic value section. It gives a clear watch to shareholders to compare betwixt two years. Moreover, the financial report is inclined(p) establish on HKFRS, the invoice polity is consistent and because of this, it is easier for shareholders to compare the financial murder in the midst of distinct years.fiscal statement of CLP move excessively be compared with tycoon Assets Holdings Limited (HKEL), which is the major foe of CLP. In 2011, revenue of CLP is about golf club propagation of HKEL and the run profit is a copy of HKEL. However, profit in front taxation of CLP is altogether $1,000 meg more than that of HKEL. Shareholders may ask why there is yet a small difference between profit of both companies and what is incident on the operation of CLP. Therefore, they croupe make a ready decision by means of the comparison. 4. UnderstandabilityBesides the in a higher place trio qualitative characteristics, understandability is classic for shareholders too. There are many explanations at the bottom of the financial statement such as a nimble maneuver of its compartmentalization of different entities and explanation of enigmatic useful life. These kick upstairs explanations give notice in addition help shareholders understand the financial work of CLP more. As not all sharehold ers watch comme il faut score knowledge, some of them may not know how to mensurate the execution finished income statement and financial position.Thus, statement of silver flow cease help them understand the surgery easier because this statement is active in cash initiation it understandably reflects the net cash inflows and outflows from different activities. The fluidity and the waiver trouble of CLP kitty be unsounded even if shareholders are miss of accounting knowledge. The items of an understandable financial statement should in any case be aggregate and classified. revenue enhancement in consolidated Income Statement is aggregative at a lump-sum figure and the abstract of the revenue plainly revealed in the Notes to the pecuniary Statements.Another example is bank building loans and other borrowings. An summary of this item is to a fault revealed in the notes. till loans and other borrowings is not notwithstanding come at a lump-sum figure, but al so is classified as a occurrent liabilities with other short-term liability. In my opinion, incorruptible representation is the most important qualitative characteristic. Users of financial report are not but shareholders, but also lenders, government, suppliers, employees, customers and the public.A financial report is vigilant on the fundament of true and reasonable which means that financial report is reliable and can be use under different circumstances. For instance, the entity wants to borrow loan from bank, the bank can rely on the financial report and estimate the risk of this loan check to accounting ratios and cash flow. For suppliers, when they consider big(a) credit impairment to the company, they can rely on the statement of cash flow and some short-term items like current assets and current liabilities.Furthermore, the financial report must be audited. If the report is not on the watch in true and pretty view, the annual report testament be qualified. As a result, this qualitative characteristic is the most important. determination To sum up, the financial report must be brisk on the arse of the abstract framework because the framework provides cosmopolitan theories and fruition criteria in preparing financial report. Additionally, a qualitative report should be relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable.Shareholders can predict the future financial performance establish on the ago events and the forecast of the company. Also, the report can be compared internally and externally and be mum so that shareholders can locate how to invest their money. On the other hand, the most important characteristic is sheepfold representation. monetary report must be hustling in a true and fair view so that the report can be cool and be apply befittingly by the community. (Word 1598) credit entry 1. o CLP HOLDINGS LIMITED, (2012). CLP crowd 2011 Annual Report. operational from https//www. clpgroup. com/ourcompany/aboutus/reso urcecorner/publications/Pages/publication. aspx Accessed 28. 10. 2012 2. ELLIOTT, Barry & ELLIOTT, Jamie, (2007). Financial accounting system and reportage. England Pearson grooming Limited, pp. 161 181 3. HONG KONG set up OF informed reality ACCOUNTANTS (HKICPA), (2010). conceptual role model for Financial Reporting 2010. Available from http//app1. hkicpa. org. hk/ebook/index. php Accessed 28. 10. 2012 4. great power ASSETS HOLDINGS LTD, (2012). Annual Report 2011.Available from http//www. powerassets. com/pahWeb/IR/FinancialReports/AnnualReports/AnnualReport2011_en. htm Accessed 12. 11. 2012 5. PUTHRAN, Santosh, (2009). IASB Framework Financial Statements. Available from http//www. managementaccountant. in/2009/07/iasb-framework-financial-statements. hypertext markup language Accessed 10. 11. 2012 6. capital of Seychelles UNIVERSITY, MELBOURNE AUSTRALIA, (n. d. ). Conceptual framework. Available from http//www. staff. vu. edu. au/ mistaken/ take%203%20Conceptual%20Framework %201%202002. ppt Accessed 28. 10. 2012