Feedback in learning Essay

1.0What is feedback?The mediocre instructor tells. The wide-cut teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The gravid inspires William Arthur Ward A teacher carries a big responsibility in atomic number 18a of education. Some people believe a teachers job is to teach and a savants job is to learn. In todays crystallizeroom, the role of teacher is totally different. teacher as a facilitator of instruction, mentor for bookman and classroom accompanimenter. The fine teacher lead take various actions in federal agency to servicing their students to be prospering in their life. So that, one of the action is teacher should provide mind feedback in dash to enhance the tuition. Feedback is normally something which happens as a resolving power of cycle teaching and attainment action. It croupe bounce either before, during or after the reading had been occurs. Generally, what is feedback? Is it guidance, evaluation or praise? As mentioned by Ramaprasad (1983), f eedback is nurture ab appear the to-do between the actual train and the quotation level of a system parameter which is ingestiond to alter the gap in some way.Furtherto a greater extent, the definition by Ramaprasad in standardised manner cloged of immature look by Shute (2007) that define the feedback as represent schooling communicated to the assimilator that is intended to modify the learners thinking or send for the purpose of improving learning. Hence, in learning, feedback should usually presented as selective information to a student in response to some action on the reliable level of slaying and alleviate them to be meliorate. Correspondingly the educationist ensure that assessment feedback is an important part of learning cycle merely straightaway students frequently express disappointment and frustration in relation to the conduct of the feedback process. Students may complain that feedback on assessment is unhelpful or unreadable and non provide any tips to them to purify their on-going performance.As a result, students will al shipway repeat the mistake until they get to know the catch up with answers. Studies of the impact on student learning handment indicate that feedback has the dominance to have a signifi give the bouncet effect on student learning deed (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). Feedback should give immediately during the learning process. That can really help student to do self-reflection on their quality of learning. They can figure come pop out did he/she in the right track and how to improve their insureing.Types of feedbackMain centering of disposed(p) assessment feedback is to describes qualities of work up in relation to the learning target. instructor should give attention to the quality of their written feedback. in that respect are 2 types of feedback, appraising(prenominal) feedback and descriptive feedback. Evaluative feedback refers to a summary of student current achievement or performed on the particular task. This feedback is often come out with letter of grades, numbers, check marks, symbols and generals comment such as dear(p), excellent and need help. While, descriptive feedback is ad hoc or detail information in the form of written comments or conversations that help the student understand what he/she call for to do in improve their level of understanding. There are several examples of evaluative and descriptive feedbackEvaluative Feedback descriptive Feedback get word harder a providedting time Your topic discussion is trim and have good examples, your conterminous tonicity might be to check back your grammatic errors 90% A+ Excellent Work Keep it up Youre made some simple mistakes in your calculation, remember back the recipe use. Please check back the first gradation until the last step in your calculation for question 10.Table 1 Examples of Evaluative and Descriptive FeedbackBased on examples given, evaluative feedback more to provide a taste on th e quality of the learning task that student did while descriptive feedback focus on helps the student understand what he or she ask to do to improve their current achievement. Besides that, evaluative feedback shown to us those teachers solitary(prenominal) tells learner or students how they comparability to others and descriptive feedback will provide specific information in the form of written comments or conversations more help learner. Regardless of the types of feedback given, either evaluative or descriptive, effective feedback needs to be informative, prompt and guiding. Informative feedback highlights strengths and weaknesses, loose specific examples or explanations. Prompt feedback is returned to students at bottom an agreed timescale for the work submitted. Guiding feedback offer suggestions around how students can improve their learning. All of that combining together to help students to do better the beside time.This statement also have supportby Hattie and Timper ley (2007), they mention that the almost value in student learning takes place when students got information feedback about the task and how to do more effectively. Below are examples of evaluative and descriptive feedback given by teachersFeedback as teaching style of staging As we already know, feedback provides information and guide to students by teachers about learning. That is one criteria of scaffolding. staging is the core of traditional apprenticeship. It is refers to given support that provides by expert or teacher as steps to improve their learning. It helps to reduce the gap between the student current level of understanding or performance and a desired goal. According to Hattle and Timperley (2007), they mention that depending on the nature and delivery of the feedback, it can have powerful unconditional effects on student learning and engagement. Beside that in the research by sagaciousness Reform Group (2002), also mention that feedback as coaching and scaffoldi ng students. The given feedback is an essential recital of assessment for learning.The process of seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learner and their teachers to decide where the learners are in their learning, where they need to go and how beat to get there by helping of teachers. That the main reason why the teachers feedback important, providing the support necessary for student to fail towards the next stage or level and achieving the learning goal. Student will discern the feedback as improving tips in which students receive information and construct nitty-gritty to close the gap. The students need to do something based on the guided giving in the feedback. Scaffolding instructional originated from Vygotskys ideas on learning. Vygotskys comes out with two levels of learning development. The first level is Actual Development that what learner has already reached.It is the level which the learner is capable of solving problems independently. The second level is ca lled Potential Development which the learner not capable of doing the moment but have potential to do so. Between the actual and potential levels, Vygotsky express that there was what was called a Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Proximal mover next. In context of feedback, it should act as scaffold by providing tips and support necessary for student to proceed the next stage or level. Without the support students may be unable to accomplish the target. As the result, students will release their understanding and make improvement.Figure 3 ZPD (Zone of ProximalDevelopment) DiagramWhen teacher incorporate scaffolding in feedback, they become more to mentor and facilitator of fellowship rather than the dominant content expert. This teaching style that include with scaffolding will make student active role in class to achieving learning goal. Besides that, it also provides a welcoming and caring learning environs. I take care of you and I hope you will be achievement in future. Expiration in feedback on student assessment will make them realize that even they did wrong is not means he/she is stupid student. They have room to improve. As conclusion, the ruff assessment feedback, scaffold student to achieve the higher performance in learning target.Feedback as affective domain in learningSince 1950s, research have been done in cognitive theory and educationist had use the Blooms (1956) taxonomies of learning. Bloom has mentioned that in learning should have threesome learning domains. The cognitive domain, affective domain and psychomotor domain. Feedback is referring to affective domain. In affective domain includes feeling, emotion, attitudes, values and motivation. As students that receiving the feedback, they need all of the look that include in affective domain. Teacher should play with all of these aspects. Teacher must provide clear understanding. Feedback should be brief, concise statements, in student-friendly phrase that describe what students are to know and be able to do at the end of feedback. Feedback can be one of the ways to encourage positive motivational belief and self-esteem. There are some ideas for motivating students. Teachers can start the feedback with praises like good job, excellent job, great, brilliant idea, You are start to understand this but, This is quality work because, Two things you really did rise are and many more on what they do well. Praise the work or process that focus in achieving the learning goal.Second step, teachers proceed with intervention that tells the student what needs improving and give enough information in way to help them to do better. It can sound like Your thinking shows., One thing to improve on.., You need more, and many more. Next step, teachers share the improvement strategies such as Your next steps might be.., and You might try. The ways that teachers give thefeedback have relationship with the flow of affective domain as depict by Krathwohl et.al (1964). They sta rt with receiving, responding, valuing, organizing and ended with acting. Students will receiving the feedback as their new information of mark, wrong answers and the current level that he/she mastering the knowledge. Am I really understood or I just understand detailed bit? Step 2, responding. Students will respond on feedback given by teacher. They being actively participating based on feedback given to achieve learning goal.Step 3, valuing. They attaching worth to feedback given and try to do chastening on the task. After they do the correction, they will organize the new belief and change their existing understanding. The last is characterization. They have the correct understanding and will apply the concept in correct way without misconception. It is the effective way that feedback can help students learn better in positive environment in implement the affective domain. Feedback will demonstrate appropriate ways of enhancing the performance on the task and offer strategies that invite more learner responsibility to improve. Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire William Butler Yeats Feedback as reflection on learning processReflection needed students to capture back on their performance in the task given. It also needs students to have clear comparison about their previous performance and current performance. There are three types of reflection that suite with the feedback reflection on your process, comparison of your performance to that of others and comparison of your performance to a set of criteria for evaluating performance (Schon, 1983). How feedback can be as reflection on learning process? Firstly, reflect on the feedback process. By feedback, students are encourages to look back at how they react and given answer on the task. Teachers will describes the qualities of work in relation to the learning targets. That can make them see how they might have done better and what they need to improve. That is the first step as feedback starter, reflect on achievement. Second, compare of student performance with others. These types of reflection are referring to evaluative feedback. In evaluative feedback teachers will give grades, numbers, check marks, symbols and generals comment such as good,excellent and need help.Based on the feedback, students analyze by comparing their performance with friends in hope he/she will trigger to achieve better. The final types of reflection are comparison of student performance to a set of criteria for evaluating performances. These are focus on intervention and improvement that include in feedback. Teachers will share idea on what students needs to improve and gives enough information so the students will knows what the next step to apply. That really show the function of feedback as reflection, facilitates the development of self-assessment in learning.Conclusion Assessment feedback should play as important role in teaching and learning.Firstly, feedback is a way t hat teacher can use to determine and analyse how utmost your student gain the knowledge and what should you suggest to them in helping them success in mastery the knowledge. Secondly, assessment feedback will attract low achievement students to be active learner and more motivated to achieve the learning goal. Overall, assessment feedback should take as important aspect in learning process. Teacher need to apply and change the feedback given in way to help student to be success in future.